Graph embedded low-light image enhancement transformer based on federated learning for Internet of Vehicle under tunnel environment

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) autonomous driving technology based on deep learning has achieved great success. However, under the tunnel environment, the computer vision-based IoV may fail due to low illumination. In order to handle this issue, this paper deploys an image enhancement module at the terminal of the IoV to alleviate the low illumination influence. The enhanced images can be submitted through IoT to the cloud server for further processing. The core algorithm of image enhancement is implemented by a dynamic graph embedded transformer network based on federated learning which can fully utilize the data resources of multiple devices in IoV and improve the generalization. Extensive comparative experiments are conducted on the publicly available dataset and the self-built dataset which is collected under the tunnel environment. Compared with other deep models, all results confirm that the proposed graph embedded Transformer model can effectively enhance the detail information of the low-light image, which can greatly improve the following tasks in IoV.