通过水文地球化学和稳定同位素(δ18O、δD)追踪印度喜马拉雅山西北部希约克-努布拉山谷浅层地热泉的演变过程

IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Parashar Mishra , Archisman Dutta , Ahsan Absar , Vivek Prakash Malviya , Pankaj Saini , Ayodhaya Prasad Thapliyal , Sayandeep Banerjee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

根据从印度拉达克地热省喜马拉雅山西北部希约克缝合带地热泉采集的水样,通过水文地球化学、矿物学和稳定同位素(δD、δ18O)系统学的研究,提出了一个概念模型。储层岩石由花岗岩段和火山-岩浆岩侵入体以及各种元沉积物组成,这些岩石在山谷西侧以斯约克蛇绿混杂岩的形式更加显露。热海水位于海拔 3100 米以上,具有不同的基因分类(Changlung:Na-HCO3;Panamik:Na-HCO3 和混合型;Pulthang:纯混合型),TDS 和温度分别为 587 至 2278 毫克/升和 28-78 °C。地热流体中微量元素(锂、硼、砷、铯、铷、钨)的高浓度表明其富集机制源自岩浆。热液/蒸发矿物质(如沸石、沸石、沸石、海绿石、沸石、热沸石等)的表面表现为储层浅层的高温特征,其溶解动力学解密了碱/碱铝硅酸盐风化以外的溶质来源。利用经验化学地热测定法和硅焓混合模型,估算出的储层温度变化很大,从 100 ℃ 到 210 ℃ 不等,储层二氧化硅浓度为 382 毫克/升,地热水的平均循环深度约为 1.8 千米,流体停留时间为 2640 年。希约克-努布拉泉释放出大量富含二氧化碳的水,脱气通量为 6.26 × 105 摩尔二氧化碳/年。δD和δ18O系统学显示,地热泉由流星水、融雪和岩浆流体补给,其中冷水成分占 27.1-62.4%,与热流体混合。热泉由位于昌隆西北部浅层的单一储层源补给,该储层源的横向流长约 25 千米,产生的帕纳米克和普尔唐流体随后被稀释。这项研究强调了喜马拉雅山脉不同岩性(花岗岩和黑云母火山岩)中水与岩石相互作用的程度和后果,强调了其对流体循环时间和地下温度的影响,从而合理解释了地热流体的演变过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Tracing the evolution of shallow geothermal springs in the Shyok−Nubra Valley of North-West Himalayas, India through hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD)

Tracing the evolution of shallow geothermal springs in the Shyok−Nubra Valley of North-West Himalayas, India through hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD)

A conceptual model has been proposed based on water samples collected from geothermal springs in the Shyok suture zone of North-West Himalayas, Ladakh geothermal province, India by nurturing hydrogeochemistry, mineralogical insights, and stable isotopic (δD, δ18O) systematics. The reservoir rock is comprised of granitic segment with intrusion of volcano-plutonics and a variety of meta-sedimentaries which becomes more exposed towards western side of the valley in the form of Shyok Ophiolitic melange. Thermal waters, located above 3100 m above msl, with variable genetic classification (Changlung: Na–HCO3; Panamik: both Na–HCO3 and mixed type; Pulthang: purely mixed type), have TDS and temperature lying between 587 and 2278 mg/L and 28−78 °C, respectively. High concentration of trace elements (Li, B, As, Cs, Rb, W) in geothermal fluids points to the magmatic origin regarding their enrichment mechanism. Surface manifestation of hydrothermal/evaporitic minerals like thenardite, trona, sylvite, halite, nahcolite, thermonatrite, etc. establishes a signature of high-temperature at shallow level of reservoir and their dissolution kinetics decipher origin of solutes apart from weathering of alkali/alkaline aluminosilicates. Utilizing empirical chemical geothermometry and Si-Enthalpy mixing modelling, the estimated reservoir temperatures exhibit significant variability ranging from 100 to 210 °C and reservoir silica concentration 382 mg/L with average circulation depth of geothermal waters around 1.8 Km and fluid residence time of 2640 years. The Shyok-Nubra springs liberate substantial amount of CO2-enriched water, with degassing flux of 6.26 × 105 mol of CO2/year. δD and δ18O systematics reveal that geothermal springs are recharged by meteoric water, snow-melt and magmatic fluid with cold-water component of 27.1–62.4% mixed with hot fluids. Thermal springs are recharged from a single reservoir source located a shallow level towards North-West of Changlung having large lateral flow of about 25 Km generating Panamik and Pulthang fluids with subsequent dilution. This study highlights the extent and consequences of water–rock interaction across diverse lithologies (granite and mafic volcanics) in the Himalayas, emphasizing its implications over fluid circulation time and subsurface temperature considerations which rationalizes the evolution of geothermal fluids.

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Solid Earth Sciences
Solid Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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3.60
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5.00%
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20
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103 days
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