突尼斯养蜂人对蜜蜂病虫害管理的认识分析

Souha Jmal, Hanen Ben Ismail, Manel Hamzaoui, Hassene Ben Salem, H. Debbabi
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摘要

在过去几年中,蜜蜂病虫害导致突尼斯蜜蜂蜂群损失惨重。这项研究旨在通过对突尼斯北部 80 名养蜂人进行访谈,评估养蜂人对蜜蜂病虫害的看法以及当前的管理方法。研究采用描述性分析方法对数据进行了分析。大多数养蜂人报告说,最危险的病虫害是变虫病(97.5%),其次是蝇蛆病(19%)。此外,"蛾 "蝶(异雄)是被提到最多的害虫(15.2%)。病虫害报告与养蜂人的受教育程度、培训情况、养蜂途径(传承)和蜂箱数量密切相关。大多数养蜂人每年进行两次疾病治疗(70.7%)、一次(25.3%)或三次(4%),主要是在冬季(62.1%)和秋季(37.9%)。受访者使用的卫生用品有 Apivar ®(63.9%)、Apistan ®(35.1%)、Apiguard ®(35.1%)、大蒜和凡士林油的混合物(6.5%)或大蒜和百里香精油的混合物(1.3%),与疾病性质有关(P<0.05)。治疗类型与养蜂人的年龄和教育程度、蜂箱数量和疾病性质有明显相关性(p<0.05),而治疗次数和季节与养蜂人的年龄、蜂蜜实验室分析和疾病性质有明显相关性(p<0.05)。最后,98% 的养蜂人在采蜜前采取了以蜂场卫生控制为基础的预防性预防措施,这证明养蜂人意识到卫生的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of Tunisian Beekeepers' Perceptions in Honey Bee Diseases and Pests Management
Honey bee diseases and pests caused dramatic losses of Tunisian honey bee colonies during the past years. This research aimed to evaluate of beekeepers’ perceptions on bee diseases and pests, and current management practices via interview method of 80 beekeepers in the North of Tunisia. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Most of the beekeepers reported that Varroosis was the most dangerous pest (97.5%), followed by Foulbrood (19%). Moreover, "moth" butterfly (heteroecious) was the most cited pest (15.2%). Diseases and pest reports were significantly correlated with the educational level of the beekeepers, their training, route to beekeeping (heritage) and number of bee hives. The treatment of diseases was carried out twice a year by most beekeepers (70.7%), once (25.3%) or three times (4%) per year, mainly in winter (62.1%) and autumn (37.9%). The used sanitary products by the respondents were Apivar ® (63.9%), Apistan ® (35.1%), Apiguard ® (35.1%), a mixture of garlic and petrolatum (6.5%), or a mixture of garlic and thyme essential oil (1.3%), accordingly to the disease nature (p<0.05). The treatment type was significantly related to beekeepers' age and education, number of bee hives and the disease nature (p<0.05), whereas significant correlations of numbers and season of treatment applications were found with beekeepers’ age, honey laboratory analysis and disease nature (p<0.05). Finally, 98% of beekeepers have implemented preventive prophylactic measures before honey harvesting based on apiary hygiene control, which confirms that the beekeepers are aware of the importance of sanitation.
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