腐败犯罪中善意第三方对资产没收的异议

Evander
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要证据是犯罪物品,是揭露犯罪的重要证据之一。证据并不总是归被告所有,而是由善意的第三方控制。这一行为违反了 1945 年《宪法》第 28H 条第(4)款的规定,即第三方财产权被强行剥夺。为了解决这些问题,《科索沃临时宪法》第 19 条第(2)款通过 "异议 "保护善意的第三方,但提交 "异议 "有一定的限制,因此违反了《宪法》第 573 条。PERMA 2/2022 的出台解决了这一问题。PERMA 2/2022 规定,"异议 "可根据一级裁决、上诉或撤销原判提出。PERMA 2/2022 中增加的规范引发了一个问题,即《PTPK 法》第 19 条第 2 款与 PERMA 2/2022 不一致,存在法律问题,即是否存在规范冲突。关键词:证据;"PERMA 2/2022";《PTPK 法》第 19 条第 2 款;"异议";善意第三人。摘要 证据是犯罪物品,也是揭露犯罪的重要证据之一。证据并不总是归被告所有,而是由善意的第三方控制。这种行为违反了 1945 年《宪法》第 28H 条第(4)款关于强行夺取第三方财产权的规定。为解决这一问题,《科索沃保护和促进法》第 19 条第 2 款通过异议保护善意第三方,但在提交 异议时有一定限制,因此违反了《民法典》第 573 条。PERMA 2/2022 的出现解决了这一问题。PERMA 2/2022 规定,可以根据初审、上诉或撤销原判提出异议。PERMA 2/2022 中增加的规范引发了一个问题,即《PTPK 法》第 19 条第 (2) 款与 PERMA 2/2022 不一致,存在法律问题,即是否存在规范冲突。关键词:证据;PERMA 2/2022;《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第 19 条第 2 款;异议;善意第三人
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Keberatan Pihak Ketiga Yang Beritikad Baik Terhadap Perampasan Aset Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Abstract Evidence is an item of crime and one of the important pieces of evidence in uncovering a crime. Evidence is not always owned by the Defendant but is under the control of a third party with good intentions. This action violated the provisions of Article 28H paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution where third party property rights were taken by force. To respond to these problems, Article 19 paragraph (2) of the PTPK Law has protected third parties who have good intentions through “Keberatan” but there are limitations in submitting them so that they violate article 573 BW. The breach was resolved with the advent of PERMA 2/2022. PERMA 2/2022 stipulates that “Keberatan” can be filed based on a first level decision, appeal or cassation. The addition of norms in PERMA 2/2022 raises a problem where Article 19 paragraph (2) of the PTPK Law and PERMA 2/2022 are not aligned and there are legal issues, namely whether there is a conflict of norms. Keywords: evidence, “PERMA 2/2022”, Article 19 paragraph (2) of the “PTPK” Law, “Keberatan”, third party with good intentions.   Abstrak Barang bukti merupakan barang kejahatan dan salah satu alat bukti penting dalam mengungkap kejahatan. Barang bukti tidak selalu dimiliki oleh Terdakwa tetapi berada dibawah kekuasaan pihak ketiga yang beritikad baik. Tindakan tersebut melanggar ketentuan Pasal 28H ayat (4) UUD 1945 dimana hak milik pihak ketiga diambil secara paksa. Untuk menanggapi permasalahan tersebut, Pasal 19 ayat (2) UU PTPK telah melindungi pihak ketiga yang beritikad baik lewat upaya Keberatan tetapi terdapat batasan dalam mengajukannya sehingga melanggar pasal 573 BW. Pelanggaran tersebut diselesaikan dengan munculnya PERMA 2/2022. PERMA 2/2022 mengatur bahwa Keberatan dapat diajukan berdasarkan putusan tingkat pertama, banding atau kasasi. Penambahan norma dalam PERMA 2/2022 tersebut menimbulkan permasalahan dimana pasal 19 ayat (2) UU PTPK dengan PERMA 2/2022 tidak selaras dan terdapat isu hukum, yakni apakah terjadi konflik norma.  Kata Kunci: barang bukti, PERMA 2/2022, pasal 19 ayat (2) UU PTPK, Keberatan, pihak ketiga yang beritikad baik
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