Anemia: Transfuse First or Diagnose First?

Severe anemia as a pathological entity can be poorly managed with allogeneic blood transfusion if appropriate hematological diagnosis is not made. A ‘transfusion mentality’ that one solution (allogenic blood transfusion) fits all anemia can lead to poor outcomes and increases the risk associated with allogeneic blood transfusion. The case report emphasizes that all anemia must be diagnosed first to determine etiology and hence appropriate treatment. It also shows that not all anemia needs blood transfusion. Respecting patient’s wishes can be in the best interest of the patient and the physician.