中国采用机器人的前因后果：最低工资与企业对策

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.016

Richard B. Freeman , Xueyue Liu , Zhikuo Liu , Ran Song , Ruixiang Xiong

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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们利用2001年至2012年中国企业进口机器人的面板数据研究了中国企业采用机器人的原因和后果，当时中国80%以上的机器人是进口的。研究发现，最低工资水平的提高会影响企业对机器人的采用，且对常规密集型、劳动密集型和大型企业的影响更为显著。此外，使用机器人显著提高了企业的生产率、劳动力就业、平均工资和市场份额。这些发现表明，自动化带来的生产率提高部分以更多就业机会和更高劳动收入的形式传递给工人。

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The cause and consequence of robot adoption in China: Minimum wages and firms’ responses

We study the cause and consequence of firms’ robot adoption in China using novel panel data related to robots imported by firms in China from 2001 to 2012, when more than 80% of China’s robots were imported. We find that the rising minimum wages affect firms’ robot adoption and the effect is more significant for routine-intensive, labor-intensive and large firms. Moreover, employing robots significantly increases firms’ productivity, labor employment, average wages, and market share. These findings suggest that productivity gains from automation are partially passed on to workers in the form of more employment and higher labor income.

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