Biological Properties of Propolis from Tetragonula sp. Against Subgingival Bacteria Proteolytic Activity in Periodontitis

Periodontitis refers to the damaged periodontal tissues as a manifest of mixed bacterial infection and pathogenic activities. This bacterial complex produces critical virulence factors which are responsible for disease development. Some commercially available antimicrobial agents have been reported in generating cytotoxicity effects towards the oral tissues. Propolis has alternatively been reported to also have an inhibitory effect on the oral pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) properties through quercetin levels and antioxidant capacity analysis, while the functional effectiveness was observed by its anti-proteolytic activity. The quercetin level and antioxidant capacity in EEP were found to increase gradually as the increased extract concentration. Furthermore, bacteria proteolytic activity was also correspondingly inhibited. Keywords: Phenolic compound, Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial, Quercetin