19 世纪 90 年代契诃夫散文诗学中的 "草原-城市-植物 "主题。功能

L. N. Sinyakova
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摘要

目的。文章的主题是 A. P. 切霍夫晚期主要作品主题的功能方面。草原、城市和工厂是多功能的空间类型和概念。契诃夫在 19 世纪 80 年代就将草原拓扑纳入了他的诗学和概念中,并在 19 世纪 90 年代发展了其存在意义。在两篇短篇小说《在家》和《彼得切涅格》中,草原地貌代表了一种灾难性的空间。第一个故事的主人公薇拉-卡尔迪娜意识到了自己向野性的倒退,而第二个故事的主人公却永远不会意识到这一点。因此,薇拉的决定是在当地的社会生活中发挥作用;相反,彼得切涅格则隐喻着死亡。这个地方的天才在于狭隘的虚伪、完全的不信任和无聊。我的生活》中的主人公米萨伊尔-波洛兹涅夫不顾世俗的生活方式,过着自己的生活。厂房/工厂 "是一个机械的地方,与任何人类--业主和工人--都是对立的。在长篇小说《一个女人的王国》中,工厂的主人是不快乐和孤独的,而在《一个医生的来访》中,工厂则象征着魔鬼。一位年轻的女老板准备离开这里,寻找自己的道路。草原、城市和工厂这三个主题具有三重功能。第一种是情节功能(动作催化剂),第二种是概念功能(产生负面感觉),第三种是建筑功能(价值观结构)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Toposes Steppe – City – Plant in A. P. Chekhov’s Prose Poetics of 1890s. The Functions
Purpose. The subject of the article is the functional aspect of the major late A. P. Checkhov’s works topics. Steppe, city and plant / factory are polyfunctional space types and concepts.Results. The steppe topos incorporated into Chekhov’s poetics and concepts in the 1880s, was developing in the 1890s in its existential meaning. The steppe topos in two short stories, At Home and The Petcheneg, represents a disastrous space. The main character of the first story, Vera Kardina, realizes her regress into wildness; the protagonist of the se cond story would never realize it. So, Vera’s decision is to be useful in her local social life; the Petcheneg, on contrary, is metaphorically dead.The city topos is investigated in its major variant “the province”. The genius of the place is narrow-minded hypocrisy, total distrust and boredom. Misayl Poloznev, the personage of My Life, lives his own life in spite of the common way of living. Doctor Startsev, the protagonist of Ionych, could not overcome a city’s inertia of deindividualization.The plant / factory topos marks a place of machinery, antagonistic to any human – proprietors and workers. In the novella A Woman’s Kingdom the plant’s master is unhappy and lonesome, in A Doctor’s Visit the factory symbolizes a devil. A young lady, the proprietor, is ready to leave the place and seek her own path.Conclusion. Toposes the steppe, the city and the plant have a triple function. The first is a plot function (the action catalysator), the second is a conceptual (generation of negative senses), the third is architectonic (values structure).
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