Modern aspects of vagus-induced gastroprotection and ulcerogenesis in gastric and duodenal ulcers

The vagus nerve is an essential connection between the body and the brain that controls vital aspects of autonomic physiology such as respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and intestinal motility, reflexes such as coughing and swallowing, and survival behaviors such as eating, drinking and response to nausea. The stomach has a complex nervous apparatus. The innervation of the stomach is provided by both the somatic and the autonomic nervous system. The stomach receives innervation from the vagus nerve and derivatives of the celiac plexus (superior mesenteric, gastric, splenic, hepatic). The vagus nerve has the greatest influence on the work of the stomach and intestines. The vagus nerve is the longest splanchnic nerve, literally wandering throughout the body. The vagus nerves play a dominant role in stimulating gastric secretion. The basal or continuous secretion of gastric juice in normal humans is entirely due to tonic impulses in the vagus nerves. The purpose of our review was to identify the pathogenetic role of the vagus nerve in gastric and duodenal ulcers.