Power electronics in wind generation systems

The integration of wind power into the power system has been driven by the development of power electronics technology. Unlike conventional rotating synchronous generators, wind power is interfaced with static power converters. Expanding the role of converter-interfaced wind power generators in future power systems from passively following the power system to actively participating in its regulation offers frequency support functionality, which is beneficial for enhancing the frequency stability of power systems with high penetration of wind and low inertia. In this Review, we first present the achievements of wind energy development over the past three decades. We then highlight the role of power electronics for wind power systems, including their advanced control, and discuss issues from the power system-level perspective that relate to the emerging requirements of supporting future sustainable power systems. We present ongoing research and pilot projects in Europe that demonstrate the current research focus of wind power systems and, finally, discuss future areas of research required to enable improved integration of wind energy. This Review discusses the current capabilities and challenges facing different power electronic technologies in wind generation systems from single turbines to the system level. Several projects are reviewed to highlight areas of current research focus, and future trends of wind power generation are summarized.