为来自极端陆地环境的植物设计有效载荷和太空飞行操作

Agata K. Zupanska, Emily Lockwood, Ye Zhang, Natasha J. Haveman, John A. Carver, Charles W. Spern, Emily Senyk, Jeffrey T. Richards, Lawrence L. Koss, D. Dimapilis, Stuart F. McDaniel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

来自生命极限的陆生植物很可能蕴藏着能为人类太空探索带来优势的基因。这些植物似乎能够在太空飞行和地外农场中执行任务的关键功能,同时为目标植物物种的定向基因操作提供信息。然而,它们对生理极端栖息地的适应性可能会阻碍模式植物常规实验室技术的有效性。我们在此介绍南极藓 Ceratodon purpureus 有效载荷的开发情况,以及在有限的物理空间和乘员时间内,在国际空间站(ISS)上进行的 ANT1 空间站轨道上苔藓耐辐射实验(ARTEMOSS)的飞行操作。我们证明,南极苔藓的疏水表面阻碍了化学组织固定,无法使用 RNAlater 和标准植物太空飞行实验中部署的有效载荷硬件。我们的研究表明,将苔藓组织深冻在培养皿上可以充分固定组织,并提取适合基因表达谱分析的高质量 RNA。我们用放置南极苔藓的成堆培养皿取代了硬件,并在低温 GLACIER 冷冻机中进行化学深冻固定。我们的设计可应用于其他植物物种,以扩展目前对极端陆地环境中植物的实验技术,从而推动人类的太空探索。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Designing payload and spaceflight operations for plants from extreme terrestrial environments
Terrestrial plants from the very limits of life are likely to harbor genes that confer an advantage in human space exploration. These plants are seemingly capable of performing mission critical functions in spaceflight and on extraterrestrial farms while informing directed gene manipulation in target plant species. However, their adaptations to physiologically extreme habitats may hinder the efficacy of routine laboratory techniques for model plants. We here present the development of Antarctic moss Ceratodon purpureus payload and flight operations for the ANT1 Radiation Tolerance Experiment with Moss in Orbit on the Space Station (ARTEMOSS) experiment to the International Space Station (ISS) given limited physical space and crew time. We demonstrate that the hydrophobic surface of Antarctic moss impedes chemical tissue fixation and precludes the use of RNAlater coupled with payload hardware deployed in standard plant spaceflight experiments. We show that deep-freezing the moss tissue on Petri plates provides adequate tissue fixation and allows the extraction of high-quality RNA suitable for gene expression profiling. We replaced hardware with stacks of Petri plates housing Antarctic moss and chemical fixation with deep-freezing in a cryogenic GLACIER freezer. Our design can be translated to other plant species to expand current experimentation techniques with plants from extreme terrestrial environments in order to advance human space exploration.
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