Effects of laser cladding and treatment methods on wear resistance in heavy-loaded units

The primary focus of this research is on enhancing wear resistance in heavily loaded friction units, which is critical to extending the service life of machine parts and mechanisms, such as drill bit supports, bearing pads of turbine shafts, and gas turbine blades. These components operate under severe conditions, including high contact pressures, high speeds, and aggressive environments, making lubrication delivery and maintenance challenging. The study explores advancements in wear resistance through the use of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, additive manufacturing, and various surface treatment techniques such as the creation of oil-retaining microreliefs and the application of solid lubricants and antifriction coatings. These technological innovations have substantially improved the functionality of the components in dry friction units, despite the traditionally shorter service life compared to lubricated systems. The paper details experimental studies on the laser treatment of carbon and alloyed steels, examining structural-phase transformations and the efficiency of laser cladding in enhancing surface properties. Methods for applying solid lubrication to reduce wear and optimize performance in heavily loaded units are discussed, with a focus on laser gas powder cladding. The research demonstrates the potential of laser surface treatment to significantly increase the wear resistance and operational life of machine components, contributing to environmental and economic sustainability in industrial mechanical engineering. Field tests confirm the effectiveness, laser-hardened parts showing significantly improved wear resistance, and reduced production costs, underlining the importance of ongoing research in this area for ensuring the durability and reliability of machinery operating under extreme conditions.