Synthesis and characterization of Bi2S3-embedded carbon nanofibers as a novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of mycotoxin zearalenone in food crops

Zearalenone, a major mycotoxin encountered in numerous agricultural products, is associated with an array of adverse health implications, notably endocrine disturbances and carcinogenic tendencies. Given the global challenge posed by this toxin, an innovative electrochemical biosensor was crafted using hydrothermally synthesized Bi₂S₃ nanorods. Integrating these nanorods with Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) through a meticulous ultrasonication technique resulted in a high-performance sensing interface optimized for zearalenone detection in intricate agricultural settings. Advanced characterization techniques, encompassing X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), corroborated the fine-tuned integration of Bi₂S₃ within the porous CNF matrix. This Bi₂S₃@CNF nanocomposite not only showcased superior electrochemical attributes, but its broad linear detection range and low detection threshold underscore its aptitude for real-world applications. In light of these findings, the Bi₂S₃@CNF nanocomposite stands poised as a pivotal tool in revolutionizing zearalenone detection methodologies, emphasizing the critical role of nanotechnology in addressing contemporary analytical challenges.