Claudia Giuliani , Martina Bottoni , Alberto Spada , Sara Falsini , Laura Santagostini , Ylenia Pieracci , Guido Flamini , Fabrizia Milani , Gelsomina Fico
{"title":"对在 G.E. Ghirardi 植物园(意大利北部伦巴第)栽培的 Phlomis fruticosa L. 的微观形态学和植物化学深入研究","authors":"Claudia Giuliani , Martina Bottoni , Alberto Spada , Sara Falsini , Laura Santagostini , Ylenia Pieracci , Guido Flamini , Fabrizia Milani , Gelsomina Fico","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152505","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multi-level study was performed on the vegetative and reproductive organs of <em>Phlomis fruticosa</em> L. (Lamiaceae), cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northen Italy). This work is part of the project <em>Ghirardi Botanical Garden, factory of molecules…work in progress</em>, intended to preserve and enhance the plant heritage hosted at the study site. The multidisciplinary research combined four approaches: I) micromorphological, to describe the structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; II) histochemical, to define the chemical nature of the secretory products by Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy; III) phytochemical, to characterize the Essential Oil obtained from the blooming aerial parts by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, consequently analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; IV) biological, to assess the potential biological activity of the most abundant EO components based on literature data. Overall, <em>P. fruticosa</em> presented non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The former were multicellular stellate or simple uniseriate, the latter capitate belonging to three morphotypes: branched stalked with a one-celled head, simple short-stalked with a one(two)-celled head, simple medium-stalked with a four-celled head. For the first time, the histochemical survey reported digital images showing a predominant terpenes secretion by the branched-stalked and simple medium capitates, while the simple short hairs were responsible for the secretion of mucopolysaccharides and acid polysaccharides. The EO profile revealed 50 compounds and was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.1 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.6 %), with <em>ar</em>-curcumene (24.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (22.5 %) and α-cedrene (12.8 %) as most representative compounds. Finally, based on literature data, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were hypothesized.</p><p>In the context of Open Science, an original iconographic apparatus was drafted based on these results to make them accessible to the visitors of the G.E. Ghirardi BG, as an opportunity to discover the plant heritage from an unusual perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 152505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Micromorphological and phytochemical insights on Phlomis fruticosa L. cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Lombardy, Northern Italy)\",\"authors\":\"Claudia Giuliani , Martina Bottoni , Alberto Spada , Sara Falsini , Laura Santagostini , Ylenia Pieracci , Guido Flamini , Fabrizia Milani , Gelsomina Fico\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.flora.2024.152505\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>A multi-level study was performed on the vegetative and reproductive organs of <em>Phlomis fruticosa</em> L. (Lamiaceae), cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northen Italy). This work is part of the project <em>Ghirardi Botanical Garden, factory of molecules…work in progress</em>, intended to preserve and enhance the plant heritage hosted at the study site. The multidisciplinary research combined four approaches: I) micromorphological, to describe the structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; II) histochemical, to define the chemical nature of the secretory products by Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy; III) phytochemical, to characterize the Essential Oil obtained from the blooming aerial parts by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, consequently analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; IV) biological, to assess the potential biological activity of the most abundant EO components based on literature data. Overall, <em>P. fruticosa</em> presented non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The former were multicellular stellate or simple uniseriate, the latter capitate belonging to three morphotypes: branched stalked with a one-celled head, simple short-stalked with a one(two)-celled head, simple medium-stalked with a four-celled head. For the first time, the histochemical survey reported digital images showing a predominant terpenes secretion by the branched-stalked and simple medium capitates, while the simple short hairs were responsible for the secretion of mucopolysaccharides and acid polysaccharides. The EO profile revealed 50 compounds and was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.1 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.6 %), with <em>ar</em>-curcumene (24.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (22.5 %) and α-cedrene (12.8 %) as most representative compounds. Finally, based on literature data, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were hypothesized.</p><p>In the context of Open Science, an original iconographic apparatus was drafted based on these results to make them accessible to the visitors of the G.E. Ghirardi BG, as an opportunity to discover the plant heritage from an unusual perspective.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55156,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Flora\",\"volume\":\"314 \",\"pages\":\"Article 152505\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Flora\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253024000586\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Flora","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253024000586","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Micromorphological and phytochemical insights on Phlomis fruticosa L. cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Lombardy, Northern Italy)
A multi-level study was performed on the vegetative and reproductive organs of Phlomis fruticosa L. (Lamiaceae), cultivated at the G.E. Ghirardi Botanical Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northen Italy). This work is part of the project Ghirardi Botanical Garden, factory of molecules…work in progress, intended to preserve and enhance the plant heritage hosted at the study site. The multidisciplinary research combined four approaches: I) micromorphological, to describe the structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; II) histochemical, to define the chemical nature of the secretory products by Light Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy; III) phytochemical, to characterize the Essential Oil obtained from the blooming aerial parts by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus, consequently analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; IV) biological, to assess the potential biological activity of the most abundant EO components based on literature data. Overall, P. fruticosa presented non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The former were multicellular stellate or simple uniseriate, the latter capitate belonging to three morphotypes: branched stalked with a one-celled head, simple short-stalked with a one(two)-celled head, simple medium-stalked with a four-celled head. For the first time, the histochemical survey reported digital images showing a predominant terpenes secretion by the branched-stalked and simple medium capitates, while the simple short hairs were responsible for the secretion of mucopolysaccharides and acid polysaccharides. The EO profile revealed 50 compounds and was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.1 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.6 %), with ar-curcumene (24.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (22.5 %) and α-cedrene (12.8 %) as most representative compounds. Finally, based on literature data, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were hypothesized.
In the context of Open Science, an original iconographic apparatus was drafted based on these results to make them accessible to the visitors of the G.E. Ghirardi BG, as an opportunity to discover the plant heritage from an unusual perspective.
期刊介绍:
FLORA publishes original contributions and review articles on plant structure (morphology and anatomy), plant distribution (incl. phylogeography) and plant functional ecology (ecophysiology, population ecology and population genetics, organismic interactions, community ecology, ecosystem ecology). Manuscripts (both original and review articles) on a single topic can be compiled in Special Issues, for which suggestions are welcome.
FLORA, the scientific botanical journal with the longest uninterrupted publication sequence (since 1818), considers manuscripts in the above areas which appeal a broad scientific and international readership. Manuscripts focused on floristics and vegetation science will only be considered if they exceed the pure descriptive approach and have relevance for interpreting plant morphology, distribution or ecology. Manuscripts whose content is restricted to purely systematic and nomenclature matters, to geobotanical aspects of only local interest, to pure applications in agri-, horti- or silviculture and pharmacology, and experimental studies dealing exclusively with investigations at the cellular and subcellular level will not be accepted. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of morphology, anatomy and development are welcome.