Julia E. Heck , Di He , Sam E. Wing , Beate Ritz , Chandra D. Carey , Juan Yang , Daniel O. Stram , Loïc Le Marchand , Sungshim Lani Park , Iona Cheng , Anna H. Wu
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We obtained exposure data on chemicals acting as endocrine disruptors or mammary gland carcinogens from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate breast cancer risk per one interquartile range (IQR) increase in air toxics exposure lagged by 5-years. Stratified analyses were conducted by race, ethnicity, and hormone receptor types.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among all women, increased risks of invasive breast cancer were observed with toxicants related to industries [1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.18–5.60), ethylene dichloride (HR = 2.81, 95% CI 2.20–3.59), and vinyl chloride (HR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.81, 2.85); these 3 agents were correlated (r2 = 0.45–0.77)]. Agents related to gasoline production or combustion were related to increased breast cancer risk [benzene (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24, 1.41), ethylbenzene (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.28), toluene (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.38), naphthalene (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–2.22), acrolein (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.92, 2.65)]. Higher hazard ratios were observed in African Americans and Whites compared to other racial and ethnic groups (p-heterogeneity <0.05 for traffic-related air toxics, acrolein, and vinyl acetate).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that specific toxic air pollutants may be associated with increase breast cancer risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 114362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000439/pdfft?md5=c655c9fe713f65ead4888d28636fb15d&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000439-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Exposure to outdoor ambient air toxics and risk of breast cancer: The multiethnic cohort\",\"authors\":\"Julia E. Heck , Di He , Sam E. 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We obtained exposure data on chemicals acting as endocrine disruptors or mammary gland carcinogens from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate breast cancer risk per one interquartile range (IQR) increase in air toxics exposure lagged by 5-years. Stratified analyses were conducted by race, ethnicity, and hormone receptor types.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among all women, increased risks of invasive breast cancer were observed with toxicants related to industries [1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.18–5.60), ethylene dichloride (HR = 2.81, 95% CI 2.20–3.59), and vinyl chloride (HR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.81, 2.85); these 3 agents were correlated (r2 = 0.45–0.77)]. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景越来越多的文献报道了与交通相关的空气污染与乳腺癌之间的关系，但对特定环境因素和乳腺癌发病风险的调查较少，尤其是对居住在洛杉矶等高污染地区的人群的研究。方法我们在多种族队列中研究了环境空气有毒物质与乳腺癌风险之间的关系，该队列中有 48,665 名加利福尼亚女性参与者，她们在 2003 年至 2013 年期间接受了癌症随访。我们从国家级空气有毒物质评估中获得了作为内分泌干扰物或乳腺致癌物的化学物质的暴露数据。我们使用 Cox 比例危险模型来估算滞后 5 年的空气有毒物质暴露量每增加 1 个四分位数间距 (IQR) 的乳腺癌风险。结果在所有女性中，观察到与工业有关的毒物[1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷（危险比 [HR] = 4.22，95% 置信区间 [95% CI] 3.18-5.60）、二氯化乙烯（HR = 2.81，95% CI 2.20-3.59）和氯乙烯（HR = 2.27，95% CI 1.81-2.85）；这三种物质具有相关性（r2 = 0.45-0.77）]。与汽油生产或燃烧有关的物质与乳腺癌风险增加有关[苯（HR = 1.32，95% CI 1.24，1.41）、乙苯（HR = 1.20，95% CI 1.13-1.28）、甲苯（HR = 1.29，95% CI 1.20-1.38）、萘（HR = 1.11，95% CI 1.02-2.22）、丙烯醛（HR = 2.26，95% CI 1.92，2.65）]。与其他种族和族裔群体相比，非裔美国人和白人的危险比率更高（交通相关空气有毒物质、丙烯醛和醋酸乙烯的异质性为 0.05）。
Exposure to outdoor ambient air toxics and risk of breast cancer: The multiethnic cohort
Background
A growing literature has reported associations between traffic-related air pollution and breast cancer, however there are fewer investigations into specific ambient agents and any putative risk of breast cancer development, particularly studies occurring in populations residing in higher pollution areas such as Los Angeles.
Objectives
To estimate breast cancer risks related to ambient air toxics exposure at residential addresses.
Methods
We examined the relationships between ambient air toxics and breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort among 48,665 California female participants followed for cancer from 2003 through 2013. We obtained exposure data on chemicals acting as endocrine disruptors or mammary gland carcinogens from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate breast cancer risk per one interquartile range (IQR) increase in air toxics exposure lagged by 5-years. Stratified analyses were conducted by race, ethnicity, and hormone receptor types.
Results
Among all women, increased risks of invasive breast cancer were observed with toxicants related to industries [1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.18–5.60), ethylene dichloride (HR = 2.81, 95% CI 2.20–3.59), and vinyl chloride (HR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.81, 2.85); these 3 agents were correlated (r2 = 0.45–0.77)]. Agents related to gasoline production or combustion were related to increased breast cancer risk [benzene (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24, 1.41), ethylbenzene (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.28), toluene (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.38), naphthalene (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–2.22), acrolein (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.92, 2.65)]. Higher hazard ratios were observed in African Americans and Whites compared to other racial and ethnic groups (p-heterogeneity <0.05 for traffic-related air toxics, acrolein, and vinyl acetate).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that specific toxic air pollutants may be associated with increase breast cancer risk.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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