软骨鱼类胎生、胎生和其他生殖模式的系统发育分析。

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Daniel G. Blackburn, Daniel F. Hughes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现存软骨鱼类(软骨鱼类)的生殖多样性极为广泛,反映了 4 亿多年的进化史。软骨鱼类(软骨鱼类)的生殖多样性极为广泛,反映了 4 亿年的进化历史。它们的许多显著的生殖特化特征包括胎生(活体繁殖)和母体营养(妊娠期间母体提供营养)。然而,试图了解这些特征的进化过程所得出的结论却大相径庭。在此,我们对目前有关软骨鱼类生殖多样性进化的知识进行了梳理和分析,尤其侧重于其生殖方式的频率、系统发育分布和进化变化的方向性。为了描述进化变化的特征,我们收集了迄今为止最大的生殖参数经验数据集,涵盖了近 800 个现存物种,并通过基于分子的综合系统进化分析了这些数据。我们的系统发育重建表明,软骨鱼类的祖先模式是 "短单卵产"(如现存的全头目),即雌性连续产一或两窝卵。卵胎生至少出现过 12 次,其中 10 次出现在鲨鱼中,1 次出现在双尾目中,还有一次可能出现在化石全头目中(根据已发表的证据)。实质性的胎盘营养至少进化了六次,包括一次胎盘营养的起源、三次不同的食卵(摄取卵子)起源和两次组织营养(摄取子宫分泌物)起源。在两个支系中,胎盘营养被组织营养所取代。与过去的重建不同,我们的分析没有发现任何证据表明该类群的胎生性曾恢复到卵生性。胎生和胎死腹中都是通过各种进化序列产生的。此外,卵胎生的祖先模式还产生了三种不同的产卵模式,它们都增加了产卵窝的大小和/或在发育后期产卵。从地质学角度看,祖先的卵生模式产生于古生代。大多数胎生和胎死腹中的起源可追溯到中生代,而少数在低分类水平上具有代表性的起源于新生代。本综述与其他最新研究成果相结合,为软骨鱼类的生殖演化达成共识指明了方向,同时也为未来的功能和演化分析提供了基础。本综述还强调了一些类群,它们的生殖特化反映了独特的进化轨迹,值得特别保护和进一步研究,从而为保护工作做出了贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

The reproductive diversity of extant cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) is extraordinarily broad, reflecting more than 400 million years of evolutionary history. Among their many notable reproductive specialisations are viviparity (live-bearing reproduction) and matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrients during gestation). However, attempts to understand the evolution of these traits have yielded highly discrepant conclusions. Here, we compile and analyse the current knowledge on the evolution of reproductive diversity in Chondrichthyes with particular foci on the frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and directionality of evolutionary changes in their modes of reproduction. To characterise the evolutionary transformations, we amassed the largest empirical data set of reproductive parameters to date covering nearly 800 extant species and analysed it via a comprehensive molecular-based phylogeny. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the ancestral pattern for Chondrichthyes is ‘short single oviparity’ (as found in extant holocephalans) in which females lay successive clutches (broods) of one or two eggs. Viviparity has originated at least 12 times, with 10 origins among sharks, one in batoids, and (based on published evidence) another potential origin in a fossil holocephalan. Substantial matrotrophy has evolved at least six times, including one origin of placentotrophy, three separate origins of oophagy (egg ingestion), and two origins of histotrophy (uptake of uterine secretions). In two clades, placentation was replaced by histotrophy. Unlike past reconstructions, our analysis reveals no evidence that viviparity has ever reverted to oviparity in this group. Both viviparity and matrotrophy have arisen by a variety of evolutionary sequences. In addition, the ancestral pattern of oviparity has given rise to three distinct egg-laying patterns that increased clutch (brood) size and/or involved deposition of eggs at advanced stages of development. Geologically, the ancestral oviparous pattern arose in the Paleozoic. Most origins of viviparity and matrotrophy date to the Mesozoic, while a few that are represented at low taxonomic levels are of Cenozoic origin. Coupled with other recent work, this review points the way towards an emerging consensus on reproductive evolution in chondrichthyans while offering a basis for future functional and evolutionary analyses. This review also contributes to conservation efforts by highlighting taxa whose reproductive specialisations reflect distinctive evolutionary trajectories and that deserve special protection and further investigation.

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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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