关于鹦鹉、延迟满足、执行功能,以及有时我们如何尽力而为。

IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Michael J Beran
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引用次数: 0

摘要

执行功能为个人提供了一种手段,通过适应环境和处理信息来进行认知控制,从而获得最佳结果。有人声称,对某些执行功能能力的明确训练会带来训练任务之外的益处,但其他研究表明,这种说法可能并不正确,或可能因年龄和其他因素而受到限制。在非人类物种中也有这种混合模式的报道,在某一特定领域(如抑制)的训练甚至经验有时会导致在新的类似任务中的积极迁移,而这些任务可能也需要执行功能。佩珀伯格和哈茨菲尔德(2024 年)试图确定,以往需要不同执行功能的任务经验是否会影响三只非洲灰鹦鹉的表现:格里芬、佩珀和弗兰科在一项新的延迟满足评估中的表现如何。格里芬表现出明显而持续的能力,能够通过延迟等待获得数量上更好的奖励。这表明,以前使用代币的经验有助于提高在以食物为选项的定量延迟满足任务中的表现。另外两只鹦鹉佩珀和弗兰科在研究中从未完成预定的阶段顺序。不幸的是,受 COVID 限制的测试条件使这两只受试者在完成任务时似乎表现出了压力,因此没有对它们进行进一步的测试。这篇文章举例说明了当两种聪明的物种(人和鹦鹉)被置于困难的环境中(我们从未经历过的全球大流行),但这两种物种都试图继续从事科学研究时会发生什么。在未来的一段时间里,COVID-19 的影响仍将是比较心理学中不可或缺的因素,我猜想还有许多其他半途而废的实验也会因为这场大流行病而受到影响。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On parrots, delay of gratification, executive function, and how sometimes we do the best we can.

Engaging executive functions provides an individual with the means to engage in cognitive control by adjusting to the environment and processing information in a way that leads to optimal outcomes. There are some claims that explicit training on certain executive functioning abilities provides benefits beyond the training tasks, but other studies indicate that this may not be true or may be limited based on age and other factors. This same mixed pattern has been reported with nonhuman species, where training or even experience in one specific area, like inhibition, sometimes leads to positive transfer in new but similar tasks that presumably also require executive functions. Pepperberg and Hartsfield (2024) sought to determine whether experience in previous tasks that required different executive functions impacted how well three African grey parrots: Griffin, Pepper, and Franco could perform in a new assessment of delayed gratification. Griffin showed a clear and consistent capacity to wait through a delay for a quantitatively better reward. This suggested that the previous experience with the tokens aided improvement in the quantitative delay of gratification task with food items as the options to choose between. The other two parrots, Pepper and Franco, never completed the intended sequence of phases in their study. Unfortunately, the testing conditions dictated by COVID restrictions were such that these two subjects appeared to exhibit stress in doing the task, and so no further testing was conducted with them. This article is an example of what can happen when two intelligent species (people and parrots) are put in difficult circumstances (a global pandemic unlike anything any of us has ever been through), and yet both species attempted to continue to engage in science. The effects of COVID-19 will remain an integral factor in comparative psychology for some time to come, and I suspect there are many other half-completed experiments that suffered because of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Comparative Psychology publishes original research from a comparative perspective on the behavior, cognition, perception, and social relationships of diverse species.
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