作为道德虚构的利他要求。

IF 1.3 3区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS
Luke Semrau
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们普遍认为,允许活体捐肾,但不允许活体卖肾。这就是 "公认观点"。支持 "接受的观点 "的一种方法是呼吁人们对允许活体肾移植的条件的特定理解。人们经常声称,捐献者必须利他,不求回报,为他人着想。这就是 "利他主义要求"。按照传统的解释,"利他主义要求 "是一个道德事实。它说明了对允许移植的合法限制,并在有力论证的基础上被接受。本文提出了另一种解释。我认为 "利他主义要求 "是一种道德虚构--一种有动机的谎言。移植需要利他主义是假的。但这一要求是有目的的。接受这一要求允许捐肾,但不允许卖肾。简而言之,它使接受观点合理化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Altruism Requirement as Moral Fiction.

It is widely agreed that living kidney donation is permitted but living kidney sales are not. Call this the Received View. One way to support the Received View is to appeal to a particular understanding of the conditions under which living kidney transplantation is permissible. It is often claimed that donors must act altruistically, without the expectation of payment and for the sake of another. Call this the Altruism Requirement. On the conventional interpretation, the Altruism Requirement is a moral fact. It states a legitimate constraint on permissible transplantation and is accepted on the basis of cogent argument. The present paper offers an alternative interpretation. I suggest the Altruism Requirement is a moral fiction-a kind of motivated falsehood. It is false that transplantation requires altruism. But the Requirement serves a purpose. Accepting it allows kidney donation but not kidney sale. It, in short, rationalizes the Received View.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.20%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: This bimonthly publication explores the shared themes and concerns of philosophy and the medical sciences. Central issues in medical research and practice have important philosophical dimensions, for, in treating disease and promoting health, medicine involves presuppositions about human goals and values. Conversely, the concerns of philosophy often significantly relate to those of medicine, as philosophers seek to understand the nature of medical knowledge and the human condition in the modern world. In addition, recent developments in medical technology and treatment create moral problems that raise important philosophical questions. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy aims to provide an ongoing forum for the discussion of such themes and issues.
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