{"title":"绿色自然空间出行的异质性：英国各地的旅行成本法","authors":"Emmanouil Tyllianakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100758","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Covid-19 pandemic and related lockdowns saw a subsequent sharp rise in demand for outdoor recreation. This has resulted in congestion and particular stress on managing authorities of green natural spaces. This study examines drivers for outdoor recreation, across UK sites, for a representative sample of the English population during lockdowns and the easing of restrictions. Using a travel cost approach, this study focuses on addressing demand heterogeneity through a finite mixture model and cost sensitivity and finds that the characteristics of green and natural spaces English respondents visit are not always affecting trip frequency. Additionally, social inequalities and deprivation do not influence or had an inverse effect on demand for visits to UK green and natural spaces. When accounting for heterogeneity, a large variability in the frequency of visits is observed, with frequent visitors being less sensitive to changes in travel cost. Finally, we find that UK residents are less responsive to changes in travel cost that could be caused by increases in petrol prices, or in changes in their income. Future management decisions for green natural spaces need to account for the differences between casual and frequent outdoor recreationists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000264/pdfft?md5=62edfa654e4c048fd3b5fb78c8e82be6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213078024000264-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Heterogeneity in trips to green natural spaces: A travel cost approach across UK sites\",\"authors\":\"Emmanouil Tyllianakis\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100758\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The Covid-19 pandemic and related lockdowns saw a subsequent sharp rise in demand for outdoor recreation. This has resulted in congestion and particular stress on managing authorities of green natural spaces. This study examines drivers for outdoor recreation, across UK sites, for a representative sample of the English population during lockdowns and the easing of restrictions. Using a travel cost approach, this study focuses on addressing demand heterogeneity through a finite mixture model and cost sensitivity and finds that the characteristics of green and natural spaces English respondents visit are not always affecting trip frequency. Additionally, social inequalities and deprivation do not influence or had an inverse effect on demand for visits to UK green and natural spaces. When accounting for heterogeneity, a large variability in the frequency of visits is observed, with frequent visitors being less sensitive to changes in travel cost. Finally, we find that UK residents are less responsive to changes in travel cost that could be caused by increases in petrol prices, or in changes in their income. Future management decisions for green natural spaces need to account for the differences between casual and frequent outdoor recreationists.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":46931,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management\",\"volume\":\"46 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100758\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000264/pdfft?md5=62edfa654e4c048fd3b5fb78c8e82be6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213078024000264-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"91\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000264\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"管理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","FirstCategoryId":"91","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000264","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterogeneity in trips to green natural spaces: A travel cost approach across UK sites
The Covid-19 pandemic and related lockdowns saw a subsequent sharp rise in demand for outdoor recreation. This has resulted in congestion and particular stress on managing authorities of green natural spaces. This study examines drivers for outdoor recreation, across UK sites, for a representative sample of the English population during lockdowns and the easing of restrictions. Using a travel cost approach, this study focuses on addressing demand heterogeneity through a finite mixture model and cost sensitivity and finds that the characteristics of green and natural spaces English respondents visit are not always affecting trip frequency. Additionally, social inequalities and deprivation do not influence or had an inverse effect on demand for visits to UK green and natural spaces. When accounting for heterogeneity, a large variability in the frequency of visits is observed, with frequent visitors being less sensitive to changes in travel cost. Finally, we find that UK residents are less responsive to changes in travel cost that could be caused by increases in petrol prices, or in changes in their income. Future management decisions for green natural spaces need to account for the differences between casual and frequent outdoor recreationists.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism offers a dedicated outlet for research relevant to social sciences and natural resources. The journal publishes peer reviewed original research on all aspects of outdoor recreation planning and management, covering the entire spectrum of settings from wilderness to urban outdoor recreation opportunities. It also focuses on new products and findings in nature based tourism and park management. JORT is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary journal, articles may focus on any aspect of theory, method, or concept of outdoor recreation research, planning or management, and interdisciplinary work is especially welcome, and may be of a theoretical and/or a case study nature. Depending on the topic of investigation, articles may be positioned within one academic discipline, or draw from several disciplines in an integrative manner, with overarching relevance to social sciences and natural resources. JORT is international in scope and attracts scholars from all reaches of the world to facilitate the exchange of ideas. As such, the journal enhances understanding of scientific knowledge, empirical results, and practitioners'' needs. Therefore in JORT each article is accompanied by an executive summary, written by the editors or authors, highlighting the planning and management relevant aspects of the article.
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