港海豹(Phoca vitulina)对不同对比度的静止和移动目标的空中单目标敏锐度

IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES
Laura-Marie Sandow, Frederike D. Hanke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

港海豹(Phoca vitulina)在确定地标方向或捕食猎物时需要探测单个物体。单个目标敏锐度(STA)描述了对单个物体的探测,但不能从以前确定的光栅敏锐度(GA)中推导出来,因为 STA 和 GA 的机制不同。因此,我们首次在空气中对两只港海豹在不同对比度下检测静止和移动单个目标的能力进行了评估。在一项两选一的强迫选择辨别任务中,海豹必须指出显示器上的单个目标是出现在左侧还是右侧刺激区域。两只实验动物对全对比静止目标的 STA 都确定为 0.27 度视角。与我们的预期相反,增加运动或降低对比度都不会对 STA 产生很大影响。此外,我们还测定了两只海豹的 GA 值(1.2 和 1.1 个周期/度,或 0.42 和 0.45 度,阈值为光栅的单一条纹)略低于 STA。我们的结果与对比灵敏度非常吻合,可以在视觉定向等情况下计算观看距离。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aerial single target acuity of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for stationary and moving targets of varying contrast

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) need to detect single objects for example when orienting to landmarks or hunting prey. The detection of single objects, described by the single target acuity (STA), cannot be deduced from formerly determined grating acuity (GA) as different mechanisms underlie STA and GA. Thus, we assessed STA for stationary and moving single targets with varying contrast in two harbor seals in a first approach in air. In a two-alternative-forced-choice discrimination task, the seals had to indicate whether the single target was presented in a left or right stimulus field on a monitor. The STA for full-contrast stationary targets was determined as 0.27 deg of visual angle for both experimental animals. Contrary to our expectations, neither adding motion nor reducing contrast had a strong impact on STA. Additionally, we also determined GA in the two harbor seals (1.2 and 1.1 cycles/deg or 0.42 and 0.45 deg for a single stripe of the grating at threshold) to be slightly inferior to STA. Our results are in good correspondence with contrast sensitivity and allow calculating viewing distances in the context of for example visual orientation.

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来源期刊
Vision Research
Vision Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
111
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.
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