Efficiency of three different fluoride varnishes on enamel remineralization of primary teeth: An in vitro study

Introduction: Fluoride is fundamental in the prevention of dental caries; it enhances the precipitation of calcium and phosphates, forming fluorapatite, which is more acid-resistant than hydroxyapatite. Recently, Nano Silver Fluoride was presented as a new remineralizing agent. Aim: This study aimed to compare the remineralization potential of three different fluoride varnishes Fluor Protector varnish (FP), Enamel Pro varnish (EP), and Nano Silver Fluoride varnish (NSF) on the enamel of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: 80 samples were gathered, and randomly distributed among three groups: negative control group, demineralized group, and study group which was subdivided into 3 subgroups, subgroup A: Fluor Protector, subgroup B: Enamel Pro and subgroup C: Nano silver fluoride. Pepsi was used for 72 hours to demineralize the Positive control group and the study group. Varnishes were then applied. All teeth were subjected to pH cycle in a demineralization solution/artificial saliva for 10 days. Vicker’s microhardness test, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESM) were used to measure the extent of enamel mineralization. The data were then, statistically evaluated. Results: Enamel Pro showed the highest results followed by Fluor protector and Nano silver fluoride however, there was no statistically significant difference between the three tested groups. Conclusion: The study showed that the Enamel Pro had the highest values in microhardness, EDX, and ESM, but there was no significant statistical difference between the three groups. All the materials used proved their efficiency in remineralization of the demineralized enamel.