A call for qualitative research in Contextual Behavioral Science

Contextual behavioral science (CBS) is the guiding philosophy of practice and research in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). CBS research is directed by a functional contextual paradigm that is based on empirical research with a steadfast commitment to situating the object of study in its context. However, the CBS community is still primarily quantitative in its outlook on research and qualitative research is not an active component of the CBS strategy. This paper argues that qualitative research has much to offer to CBS: 1) a better appreciation of context; 2) understanding processes of change; 3) shedding light on complex private events; 4) recognizing the values and biases of the researcher; 5) contributing to the transfer of knowledge and to the clinical relevance of research. This paper proposes adopting a pluralistic perspective to include qualitative methodology more actively in the CBS research strategy, which can unlock doors that are left unopened by quantitative empirical methodology. After providing a brief description of qualitative research, quantitative research and functional contextualism, the dominance of quantitative research will be presented. Following this, a narrative review of 36 qualitative studies in CBS will offer an overview of how qualitative research can contribute to the CBS strategy. It is hoped that a strong case can be made for making qualitative research complementary to quantitative methods and an essential part of the research plan for CBS.