優秀女子排球選手雙側膝關節肌群向心肌力與離心肌力之比較分析

目的：本研究目的為探討優秀女子排球選手在雙側膝關節伸展與屈曲動作肌力與肌力平衡特徵之差異。方法：以等速肌力測量儀檢測參與者雙側膝關節之力矩，研究參與者為 16 名大專公開一級女子排球選手。統計分析以成對樣本t-tset比較女子排球選手在雙側膝關節伸屈肌力矩之差異及傳統式腿後肌與四頭肌比值 (hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio, H/Q 比值) 與功能性 H/Q 比值的差異，顯著水準訂為α ＝ .05。結果：排球選手在雙側膝關節的伸屈肌向心最大力矩中，只有在 60 °/s 時的伸肌未達顯著差異，其餘向心最大力矩皆有達顯著差異，且慣用側大於非慣用側；在雙側膝關節肌力之伸屈肌離心最大力矩與傳統式 H/Q 比值皆未達顯著差異，傳統式 H/Q 比值雖未達顯著差異，但都低於理想的安全值；在功能性比值方面，60 °/s 時伸、屈動作皆未達顯著差異，而 180 °/s 時伸展與屈曲動作則皆達到顯著差異，且非慣用側大於慣用側。結論：參與者應加強雙側的腿後肌群向心力矩，以提高傳統式 H/Q 比值，降低受傷的風險。功能性比值在伸展與屈曲動作的爆發力矩皆出現差異，這與排球攻擊動作落地時以非慣用側著地緩衝的特性有關。因此，應重視非慣用側的肌力訓練，以降低受傷的風險，更進一步提升選手攻擊的能力。  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in muscular strength and muscle balance characteristics in bilateral knee joint flexion-extension movements of elite female volleyball players. Methods: The study utilized the isokinetic dynamometer to measure the torque of the knee joint in 16 collegiate division Ⅰ female volleyball players. Statistical analysis was us-ing paired sample t-tests to compare the differences in knee joint flexion-extension torque, tradi-tional H/Q ratio(hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio, H/Q ratio) and functional H/Q ratio be-tween the dominant and non-dominant sides, with a significance level set at α = .05. Results: The study found that in the concentric maximum torque of knee joint flexion-extension muscles, sig-nificant differences were observed at all angular velocities except for the extension muscle at 60°/s. The dominant side exhibited greater torque than the non-dominant side. However, there were no significant differences in eccentric maximum torque and traditional H/Q ratio of knee joint muscles. Although the traditional H/Q ratio did not show significant differences, it remained below the ideal safety value. Regarding functional H/Q ratio, there were no significant differences in both flexion and extension movements at 60°/s, while at 180°/s, significant differences were observed in both flexion and extension movements, with the non-dominant side exhibiting greater values than the dominant side. Conclusion: Participants should enhance the concentric force of the traditional H/Q ratio to reduce the risk of injury. Discrepancies in functional ratios are evident in the torque generated during extension and flexion movements, attributed to the characteristic landing pattern, which involves buffering on the non-dominant side during volleyball attacking actions. Therefore, prioritizing strength training on the non-dominant side is crucial to mitigate injury risks and further enhance athletes’ attacking capabilities.