全球健身趨勢比較:系統性文獻回顧

自 2006 年以來，美國運動醫學會 (ACSM; American College of Sports Medicine) 每年都會進行全球健身趨勢調查，提供相關業者了解健康與健身行業的趨勢，可作為未來商業決策的參考依據。2017 年開始，有不同國家學者依循 ACSM 的調查方式針對該國或地區的健身趨勢進行調查，藉此了解不同區域性的健身趨勢情形。目的：(1) 探討近 5 年、10 年全球健身趨勢變化、(2) 比較全球與美國健身趨勢的異同、(3) 全球與中國健身趨勢的異同、以及 (4) 2022 年各國健身趨勢之異同。方法：藉由 PubＭed 以及 Scopus 等電子資料庫進行文獻搜尋，搜尋日期 2022 年 5 月。結果：經過篩選最後納入 35 篇文章進行系統性文獻回顧。依文獻研究調查的區域分類：全球健身趨勢調查共 16 篇；區域性健身趨勢調查共 6 篇；單一國家健身趨勢調查共 13 篇。結論：本研究主要發現，(1) 近五年 (2022 – 2018 年) 全球熱門健身趨勢依序為穿戴科技、高強度間歇訓練、徒手訓練、私人訓練、高齡者健身計畫；其中穿戴科技、私人訓練、高齡者健身計畫相較近 10 年 (2022 - 2013年) 呈上升趨勢；(2) 全球健身趨勢與美國健身趨勢幾乎完全相同；(3) 有別於全球健身趨勢，中國健身趨勢更著重於減重相關的議題 (健康飲食、兒童和青少年運動、有氧健身) 以及健身專業與傷害相關的議題 (核心訓練、健身專業人士的認證與教育、運動傷害預防與復健)；(4) 2022 年各國與全球健身趨勢大約有 55 – 75 % 的相同之處，換言之有 25 – 45 % 具有當地特異性。  Since 2006, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has been conducting an annual global fitness trend survey to provide related practitioners with insights into the health and fitness industry trends, serving as a reference for future business decisions. Starting in 2017, scholars from different countries have followed the ACSM’s survey approach to investigate fitness trends specific to their regions, thereby understanding regional variations in fitness trends. Purpose: The purpose of this study were: (1) to explore the changes in global fitness trends over the past 5 and 10 years, (2) to compare global and US fitness trends, (3) to compare global and China fitness trends, and (4) to identify differences in fitness trends among countries in 2022. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through electronic databases such as PubMed and Scopus, with a search date in May 2022. Results: After screening, a total of 35 articles were included for review, categorized as follows: 16 global fitness trend surveys, 6 regional fitness trend surveys, and 13 surveys focused on a single country. Conclusion: The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The top five global fitness trends in recent years (2022-2018) were wearable technology, high-intensity interval training, body weight training, personal training, and fitness programs for older adults. Wearable technology, personal training, and fitness programs for older adults showed an upward trend com-pared to the previous ten years (2022-2013). (2) Global fitness trends are almost identical to fitness trends in the US. (3) In contrast to global fitness trends, China’s fitness trends focus more on weight-related issues (healthy diet, exercise for children and adolescents, and aerobic fitness) and fitness professional education and injury-related concerns (core training, certified education for fitness and health professionals, and prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries). (4) The fit-ness trends in different countries in 2022 had approximately 55-75% similarity with global trends, indicating 25-45% of localized characteristics.