優秀長跑選手不同距離的著地策略及跑步速度的影響

目的︰本研究透過馬拉松賽事影響拍攝分析男性優秀長跑選手不同距離的著地策略及跑步速度的變化。方法： 13 名選手平均 40 公里馬拉松成績為 2 小時 44 分 52秒。透過攝影機 (60 Hz) 觀察選手通過不同距離紀錄點 (1 公里、20 公里、30 公里及 40 公里) 跑者不同足部著地形態(後足、中足及前足)。使用描述性統計，呈現不同距離下使用不同著地形態之比例，使用重複量數單因子變異數分析，檢驗不同著地模式對配速之差異及不同距離下對配速之差異是否達到顯著差異，顯著水準訂為 α = .05。結果：選手在 30 ~ 40 公里時配速時間會顯著下滑 10 ~ 12 % (約為 22~ 27 秒)，但改變著地模式最多的卻發生在 20 - 30 公里的區間 (前足有 23 %、中足有 46 %、後足 31 %)，再者，使用前足及中足的著地形態可以有較短的配速時間。結論：目前優秀長跑選手採用中前足著地策略居多，使用中前足著地策略可以獲得較佳的跑步表現，再者，著地策略改變後伴隨影響跑步速度。設計新款專業馬拉松慢跑鞋應著重前足的設計。  Purpose: This study aimed at investigating footfall strategies and speed variation of elite long-distance runner at different distances. Methods: The study observed 13 elite distance runners with an average 2 hour 44 minute and 52 second marathon finished time. Footfall patterns (rare foot strike, midfoot strike, forefoot strike) at different distances (1 km, 20 km, 30 km, 40 km) were recorded by a camera of 60 Hz sampling frequency. The descriptive statistic was applied to present the ratio of runners’ footfall pattern at different distances, and the one way repeated measuring ANOVA was carried out to observe the significance level between footfall strategies and pace, and distance and footfall strategies. The significance level was set as α=.05. Results: Running speed indicated a 10 ~ 12% (22 ~ 27 second per km) drop at 30 ~ 40 km, however, major footfall patterns changed at the distance over 20 ~ 30 km (Forefoot 23%, midfoot 46%, rare foot 31%). Furthermore, higher running speed came along with forefoot landing. Conclusion: Giving the current climate, elite runners adopt mostly mid- and forefoot running which could lead to better performance, and footfall patterns affect running speed. Therefore, future design should concentrate more on the forefoot part.