Advanced Optical Analysis of Divergence Between the Foci of the Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) and Aiming Beam Lasers

Purpose

To evaluate the divergence between the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) surgical laser and the aiming diode laser beams foci.

Design

Optical analysis and measurements were performed using a Volk Goldmann 3-mirror lens with a Nidek YC-1800 Nd:YAG laser apparatus.

Subjects

None.

Methods

We used the Zemax OpticStudio program for the model of Nd:YAG treatment in a human eye. Additionally, theoretical calculations were performed.

Main Outcome Measures

The divergence between the Nd:YAG laser focus and the intersection of the 2 aiming beams inside the eye.

Results

Focal points of the 2 laser beams converge 8 mm behind the cornea. Posterior to this point, the intersection of the diode laser aiming beams lies in front of the focal point of the Nd:YAG treatment laser, with distance between the 2 foci progressively increasing up to 305 microns at 24 mm behind the cornea.

Conclusions

We report the degree of divergence between the 2 lasers’ focal points due to the difference in refraction between the corresponding wavelengths. These results have high practical relevance, as they provide a starting point for increasing the accuracy of Nd:YAG laser treatment, particularly when applied to the posterior segment, thereby minimizing the risk of complications. Current Nd:YAG laser devices have the built-in ability to modify the focal point of the aiming beam along the z-axis, thus providing possibility for an immediate application of our findings in clinical practice.

Financial Disclosures

The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.