Ryan D. Webler , Cristian Morales Carrasco , Samuel E. Cooper , Mo Chen , Christopher O. Hunt , Sierra Hennessy , Lancy Cao , Carol Lam , Allen Chiu , Cash Differding , Erin Todd , Timothy J. Hendrickson , Desmond J. Oathes , Alik S. Widge , Robert J.M. Hermosillo , Steven M. Nelson , Damien A. Fair , Shmuel M. Lissek , Ziad Nahas
{"title":"因果探测海马在恐惧辨别中的作用：创伤后应激症状参与者的精确功能图引导经颅磁刺激研究","authors":"Ryan D. Webler , Cristian Morales Carrasco , Samuel E. Cooper , Mo Chen , Christopher O. Hunt , Sierra Hennessy , Lancy Cao , Carol Lam , Allen Chiu , Cash Differding , Erin Todd , Timothy J. Hendrickson , Desmond J. Oathes , Alik S. Widge , Robert J.M. Hermosillo , Steven M. Nelson , Damien A. Fair , Shmuel M. Lissek , Ziad Nahas","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100309","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fear overgeneralization is a promising pathogenic mechanism of clinical anxiety. A dominant model posits that hippocampal pattern separation failures drive overgeneralization. Hippocampal network–targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) has been shown to strengthen hippocampal-dependent learning/memory processes. However, no study has examined whether HNT-TMS can alter fear learning/memory.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered to individualized left posterior parietal stimulation sites derived via seed-based connectivity, precision functional mapping, and electric field modeling methods. A vertex control site was also stimulated in a within-participant, randomized controlled design. Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered prior to 2 visual discrimination tasks (1 fear based, 1 neutral). Multilevel models were used to model and test data. Participants were undergraduates with posttraumatic stress symptoms (final <em>n</em> = 25).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Main analyses did not indicate that HNT-TMS strengthened discrimination. However, multilevel interaction analyses revealed that HNT-TMS strengthened fear discrimination in participants with lower fear sensitization (indexed by responses to a control stimulus with no similarity to the conditioned fear cue) across multiple indices (anxiety ratings: β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17, <em>p</em> = .001; risk ratings: β = 0.07, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13, <em>p</em> = .037).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overgeneralization is an associative process that reflects deficient discrimination of the fear cue from similar cues. In contrast, sensitization reflects nonassociative responding unrelated to fear cue similarity. Our results suggest that HNT-TMS may selectively sharpen fear discrimination when associative response patterns, which putatively implicate the hippocampus, are more strongly engaged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72373,"journal":{"name":"Biological psychiatry global open science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000223/pdfft?md5=7a9516295d2cdd0fa8af53013eee1ed2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000223-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Causally Probing the Role of the Hippocampus in Fear Discrimination: A Precision Functional Mapping–Guided, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study in Participants With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms\",\"authors\":\"Ryan D. Webler , Cristian Morales Carrasco , Samuel E. Cooper , Mo Chen , Christopher O. Hunt , Sierra Hennessy , Lancy Cao , Carol Lam , Allen Chiu , Cash Differding , Erin Todd , Timothy J. Hendrickson , Desmond J. Oathes , Alik S. Widge , Robert J.M. Hermosillo , Steven M. Nelson , Damien A. Fair , Shmuel M. Lissek , Ziad Nahas\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100309\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fear overgeneralization is a promising pathogenic mechanism of clinical anxiety. A dominant model posits that hippocampal pattern separation failures drive overgeneralization. Hippocampal network–targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) has been shown to strengthen hippocampal-dependent learning/memory processes. However, no study has examined whether HNT-TMS can alter fear learning/memory.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered to individualized left posterior parietal stimulation sites derived via seed-based connectivity, precision functional mapping, and electric field modeling methods. A vertex control site was also stimulated in a within-participant, randomized controlled design. Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered prior to 2 visual discrimination tasks (1 fear based, 1 neutral). Multilevel models were used to model and test data. Participants were undergraduates with posttraumatic stress symptoms (final <em>n</em> = 25).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Main analyses did not indicate that HNT-TMS strengthened discrimination. However, multilevel interaction analyses revealed that HNT-TMS strengthened fear discrimination in participants with lower fear sensitization (indexed by responses to a control stimulus with no similarity to the conditioned fear cue) across multiple indices (anxiety ratings: β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17, <em>p</em> = .001; risk ratings: β = 0.07, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13, <em>p</em> = .037).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overgeneralization is an associative process that reflects deficient discrimination of the fear cue from similar cues. In contrast, sensitization reflects nonassociative responding unrelated to fear cue similarity. Our results suggest that HNT-TMS may selectively sharpen fear discrimination when associative response patterns, which putatively implicate the hippocampus, are more strongly engaged.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":72373,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biological psychiatry global open science\",\"volume\":\"4 3\",\"pages\":\"Article 100309\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000223/pdfft?md5=7a9516295d2cdd0fa8af53013eee1ed2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667174324000223-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biological psychiatry global open science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000223\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biological psychiatry global open science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667174324000223","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Causally Probing the Role of the Hippocampus in Fear Discrimination: A Precision Functional Mapping–Guided, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study in Participants With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Background
Fear overgeneralization is a promising pathogenic mechanism of clinical anxiety. A dominant model posits that hippocampal pattern separation failures drive overgeneralization. Hippocampal network–targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) has been shown to strengthen hippocampal-dependent learning/memory processes. However, no study has examined whether HNT-TMS can alter fear learning/memory.
Methods
Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered to individualized left posterior parietal stimulation sites derived via seed-based connectivity, precision functional mapping, and electric field modeling methods. A vertex control site was also stimulated in a within-participant, randomized controlled design. Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered prior to 2 visual discrimination tasks (1 fear based, 1 neutral). Multilevel models were used to model and test data. Participants were undergraduates with posttraumatic stress symptoms (final n = 25).
Results
Main analyses did not indicate that HNT-TMS strengthened discrimination. However, multilevel interaction analyses revealed that HNT-TMS strengthened fear discrimination in participants with lower fear sensitization (indexed by responses to a control stimulus with no similarity to the conditioned fear cue) across multiple indices (anxiety ratings: β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17, p = .001; risk ratings: β = 0.07, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13, p = .037).
Conclusions
Overgeneralization is an associative process that reflects deficient discrimination of the fear cue from similar cues. In contrast, sensitization reflects nonassociative responding unrelated to fear cue similarity. Our results suggest that HNT-TMS may selectively sharpen fear discrimination when associative response patterns, which putatively implicate the hippocampus, are more strongly engaged.
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