慢性肾病的营养疗法

Antonio Santoro, D. Gibertoni, Andrea Ambrosini, Ciro Esposito, Gianvincenzo Melfa, Federico Alberici, Giuseppe Vanacore
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引用次数: 0

摘要

饮食营养疗法(DNT)是慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者保守治疗的重要组成部分,因为它有助于维持最佳营养状态、预防和/或纠正 CKD 的症状和并发症。此外,它还能让坚持服药的患者推迟透析时间,从而提高生活质量,并为患者和社会节约成本。通过一项调查,我们旨在评估慢性肾脏病患者是如何评估、管理和体验个性化饮食的。我们对来自意大利伦巴第区 4 家肾脏病中心的 180 名患者进行了关于他们的慢性肾脏病和营养治疗的问卷调查。73%的患者接受了饮食处方。在 40% 的病例中,饮食处方由专门的诊所提供,其价值不亚于药物处方。处方中的大多数饮食都是低蛋白饮食(每公斤体重 0.8 克蛋白质),但也有一些是补充了酮类似物的极低蛋白饮食。遗憾的是,在首次处方后,对营养疗法依从性的监测并不常见。总之,我们的调查表明,虽然不同肾脏病中心的患者都接受了适当的饮食处方和随访,但仍有需要改进的地方,这对慢性肾脏病的进展和推迟透析治疗具有积极意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nutritional therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease
Dietary-Nutritional Therapy (DNT) is an essential component of the conservative management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as it helps maintain optimal nutritional status, prevent and/or correct symptoms and complications of CKD. Moreover, it allows adherent patients to delay the onset of dialysis, leading to improved quality of life and cost savings for both patients and the community. Through a survey, we aimed to evaluate how personalized diets were assessed, administered, and experienced by CKD patients. A questionnaire was administered to 180 patients from 4 nephrology Centers in Lombardy, (Italy,) regarding their CKD and nutritional therapy. 73% of patients received dietary prescriptions. In 40% of cases, dietary prescriptions were administered in dedicated clinics and were valued as much as pharmacological ones. Most diets prescribed were low-protein (0.8g protein per kg of body weight), although some included very low protein diets supplemented with keto analogs. Unfortunately, post-initial prescription, monitoring adherence to nutritional therapy is not particularly frequent. In conclusion, our survey suggests that while patients in different Nephrology Centers receive proper dietary prescriptions and follow-ups, there are areas for improvement with positive implications for CKD progression and delaying dialysis therapy.
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