增加矿物肥料施用量对耕地和草地氮沥滤的影响--长期溶液计研究的结果

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE
H. Rupp, Nadine Tauchnitz, Ralph Meissner
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管为减少农田的氮沥滤做出了各种努力,但地下水中硝酸盐的允许浓度在过去仍经常超标。集约化耕作通常被视为水质恶化的原因。本研究测试了四种不同土壤类型(壤土、沙土、壤土、黄土)在耕地和草地上使用三种不同矿物肥料处理(50%、100% 和 150%)对渗流形成、氮浓度、氮负荷、干物质产量和氮平衡的影响。这项研究是在位于法尔肯贝格(德国东北部)的亥姆霍兹环境研究中心--UFZ 的溶液计设施中进行的。自 1985 年以来,24 个表面积为 1 m²、深度为 1.25 m 的非称重渗滤池分别作为草地和耕地进行管理,并采用了三种不同的施肥处理方法。在耕地中,不同土壤类型的氮沥滤量各不相同,沙土(36.6 千克/公顷-年-1)和壤土(30.7 千克/公顷-年-1)的氮负荷最高,黄土(12.1 千克/公顷-年-1)和壤土(13.1 千克/公顷-年-1)的氮负荷最低。与草地相比,氮肥施用量减少 50% 并没有减少耕地的氮渗漏,而干物质产量却最多减少了 29%。氮肥施用量增加 50% 也不会导致耕地的氮沥滤显著增加。与土壤和管理相关的因素(土壤类型、质地、土壤耕作、轮作等)掩盖了使用渗滤池的耕地氮肥施用量增加的影响。对于耕地而言,仅靠降低氮肥施用量不足以减少 NO3 沥滤,因此除氮肥施用量外,还需要其他策略来改善地下水水质。应针对减少矿化过程中的氮损失采取措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The influence of increasing mineral fertilizer application on nitrogen leaching of arable land and grassland—results of a long-term lysimeter study
Despite various efforts to reduce nitrogen leaching from agricultural land, the permissible nitrate concentrations in groundwater have often been exceeded in the past. Intensive farming is often seen as the cause of the deterioration in water quality. Therefore, the present lysimeter study aimed to quantify nitrogen (N) leaching at different N fertilization levels for the agricultural land use systems of arable land and grassland to derive suitable management measures for improving groundwater quality.The effects of three different of mineral fertilization treatments (50%, 100%, and 150%) in arable land and grassland use on four distinct soil types (loamy sand, sand, loam, loess) concerning seepage formation, nitrogen concentrations, nitrogen loads, dry matter yields and nitrogen balances were tested. The study was conducted at the lysimeter facility of the Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research – UFZ at Falkenberg (northeast Germany). Twenty-four non-weighable lysimeters with a surface area of 1 m² and a depth of 1.25 m were managed as grassland and arable land with three different fertilization treatments since 1985.For arable land use, N leaching differed between the studied soil types, with the highest N loads from the sand (36.6 kg ha–1 yr–1 ) and loamy sand (30.7 kg ha–1 yr–1 ) and the lowest N loads from loess (12.1 kg ha–1 yr–1) and loam soil (13.1 kg ha–1 yr–1). In contrast to grassland use, a reduction of N fertilization level by 50 % did not result in reduced N leaching for arable land, whereas a maximal 29% reduced dry matter yields was observed. An increase of N fertilization by 50 % did not cause significant enhanced N leaching at arable land use. Soil-and management-related factors (soil type, texture, soil tillage, crop rotation, and others) mask the effect of increased N fertilization rates in arable land using lysimeters. For arable land use, a reduction of N fertilizer levels as the only measure was insufficient to reduce NO3– leaching, and other strategies besides N fertilization levels are required to improve groundwater quality. Measures should be targeted to reduce N losses by mineralization processes.
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