彻底改变癌症研究和药物发现:人工智能和机器学习的作用

Ajita Paliwal, Md Aftab Alam, Preeti Sharma, Smita Jain, Shivang Dhoundiyal
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摘要

人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)给各行各业带来了革命性的变化,包括癌症研究和药物发现。本文概述了人工智能和机器学习的历史,重点介绍了它们在 20 世纪 90 年代随着计算能力和新算法的进步而重新崛起。在药物发现方面,人工智能和 ML 技术已被应用于加速新药开发,从靶点识别、先导物生成到药物再利用。人工智能在药物设计和虚拟筛选方面的应用提高了识别潜在候选药物的效率。深度学习作为 ML 的一个分支,在预测蛋白质结构和优化先导化合物方面尤为有效。在抗癌药物靶点预测方面,人工智能和 ML 算法对大规模基因组、蛋白质组和临床数据进行分析,以确定潜在的癌症治疗靶点。通过提高癌症检测、分类和预后的准确性和效率,人工智能还改变了癌症成像和诊断。医学成像分析、病理学和放射学已受益于人工智能算法解释和分析各种成像模式的能力。此外,人工智能在癌症治疗中的应用也促进了治疗反应预测模型的开发,使基于患者个体特征的个性化靶向治疗成为可能。本研究旨在介绍人工智能和机器学习在药物发现和癌症治疗中的整合情况,以及其在提高效率、降低成本和改善患者预后方面的重要前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Revolutionizing Cancer Research and Drug Discovery: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have revolutionized various industries, including cancer research and drug discovery. This article provides a summary of the history of AI and ML, highlighting their resurgence in the 1990s with advancements in computational power and new algorithms. In the context of drug discovery, AI and ML techniques have been applied to accelerate the development of new drugs, from target identification and lead generation to drug repurposing. AI applications in drug design and virtual screening have improved the efficiency of identifying potential drug candidates. Deep learning, a division of ML, has been particularly effective in predicting protein structures and optimizing lead compounds. In anti-cancer drug target prediction, AI and ML algorithms analyze large-scale genomic, proteomic, and clinical data to identify potential targets for cancer therapy. AI has also transformed cancer imaging and diagnosis by enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of cancer detection, classification, and prognosis. Medical imaging analysis, pathology, and radiology have benefited from AI algorithms’ ability to interpret and analyze various imaging modalities. Moreover, AI applications in cancer treatment have facilitated the development of predictive models for treatment response, enabling personalized and targeted therapies based on individual patient characteristics. The purpose of the study was to give facts regarding the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in drug discovery and cancer therapy and its significant prospects for improving efficiency, decreasing costs, and improving patient outcomes.
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