Nickel oxide nanoparticles as sustainable catalysts for efficient synthesis and anti-microbial evaluation of 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives

In the current paper, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) was successfully applied as a sustainable effective and recoverable catalyst for the preparation of 2-amino-4H pyran derivatives 2-11 via one-pot, three-component reaction of 4-formylphenyl-4-methyl benzenesulfonate (1) with malononitrile and active methylene compounds in green solvent water and ethanol in ratio (3:1) in excellent yield (95-98%) and shorter reaction time (5-8 min). The structures of the pyran derivatives were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT 135 spectra. Moreover, the characterization of the catalyst after and before the reaction were studied using X-ray diffraction (X-RD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX techniques and IR-spectra. It has been indicated that catalyst has the same efficiency. The application of this protocol has many advantages such as eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple protocol and easy recovery of the catalyst. Overall products are designed, synthesized and studied for their anti-microbial evaluation. It has been found that is compounds 2, 3, 7 and 10 are the most active against antibacterial compression with the stander drug Ampicillin. On the other hand, Compounds 2, 3, 8, and 11 displayed the most promising antifungal activities with Amphotericin B. KEY WORDS: Nickel oxide nanoparticles, Pyran derivatives, X-Ray diffraction (X-RD), Antimicrobial evaluation, One-pot, Three-component reaction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 657-670.                                                             DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i3.9