越南木薯品种跨越 50 年的进步

Long Hoang, Mai T. T. Nguyen, D. N. Nguyen, Kim Hoang, Clair Hershey, R. Howeler
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摘要

越南木薯品种是木薯可持续发展计划的基础和关键要素。本文旨在总结近五十年来越南木薯品种培育和改良方面取得的进展。它描述了每个时期和生态区域适合的木薯品种结构。以越南木薯品种 KM568、KM539、KM537、KM569 和 KM94 的 "10T "为例,选育出淀粉产量高、抗病性强的木薯品种,并建立起适宜、高效的木薯栽培模式,是多年来木薯持续发展的基石。目前,我们提倡农民种植有前景的木薯品种,如 KM568 或 KM539(国际热带农业中心(CIAT)木薯品种 C39 的加强版,从 2004 年起经过多个育种周期改良)、KM537、KM569 或 HN1(原名 TMEB419),以及流行的木薯品种:KM440、KM419、KM94、KM7、STB1、KM414、KM98-7、KM140、KM98-5、KM98-1。我们进行了木薯的独特性、均匀性和稳定性(DUS)以及栽培和使用价值(VCU)测试,展示了在大规模种植中的优秀木薯品种,从而为木薯的谨慎保护和可持续发展提供了令人信服的证据。越南木薯的发展(1975 年至今)经历了六个阶段,根据目标定位、耕作条件和市场需求,木薯品种结构调整经历了五次浪潮,最终形成了 16 个受欢迎的木薯品种和 4 个有前途的木薯品种 KM568、KM539、KM537 和 KM569。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Vietnamese cassava varieties progression across 50 years
Vietnamese cassava varieties constitute the fundamental and pivotal element in the sustainable development programme for cassava. This article aims to encapsulate the advancements made over nearly five decades in breeding and enhancing Vietnamese cassava varieties. It delineates the suitable cassava variety structures for each period and ecological region. The selection of cassava varieties exhibiting high starch yield and disease resistance, coupled with the establishment of a suitable and efficient cassava cultivation model, exemplified by 10T for Vietnamese cassava varieties KM568, KM539, KM537, KM569, and KM94, stands as a cornerstone for sustaining cassava development over the years. Presently, we advocate for farmers to cultivate promising cassava varieties such as KM568 or KM539 (an enhanced version of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) cassava variety C39, refined through multiple breeding cycles from 2004 onwards), KM537, KM569, or HN1 (originally known as TMEB419), alongside popular cassava varieties: KM440, KM419, KM94, KM7, STB1, KM414, KM98-7, KM140, KM98-5, KM98-1. We have conducted Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) and Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) tests, showcasing outstanding cassava varieties in large-scale farming, thereby providing compelling evidence for the prudent conservation and sustainable development of cassava. Vietnamese cassava progression (1975 to date) has traversed six stages, with five waves of restructuring cassava varieties, aligning with target orientations, farming conditions, and market demands, culminating in 16 popular cassava varieties and four promising cassava varieties KM568, KM539, KM537, and KM569.
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