MINERAL COMPOSITION OF MANDIBULAR BONE TISSUE IN SIMULATED PERIODONTITIS DURING METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Destructive changes in the mandibular cancellous bone tissue determine the severity of periodontal diseases and affect their treatment outcomes. The imbalance between macro- and microelements leads to structural and functional changes in the spongy bone tissue of the lower jaw, and when being combined with the inflammatory process in the soft tissues of the periodontium leads to the tooth loss. Mineral elements deposited in the bones are included in the body buffer systems and are able to influence the metabolic processes of the macroorganism by mobilizing them into the bloodstream. The aim of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of mineral element concentrations in the bone tissue of the alveolar process of the lower jaw in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis under conditions of simulated metabolic disorders and following pharmacotherapeutic correction. Materials and methods. The reseach was conducted on 80 white outbred sexually mature male rats aged 2-4 months and weighing 120-200 g. The animals were divided into 5 groups (16 in each): two control groups representing NC (negative control) and PC (conditionally positive control) and three experimental groups: I Group, II Group, III Group. The NC group consisted of animals kept on a standard vivarium diet throughout the experiment. The animals of PC, I – III Groups were exposed to peridontitis simulation: the rats received 0.04% solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) per os within 30 days. Animals in group III (experimental periodontitis) received intramuscular injections of 5% meldonium dihydrate solution in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. The rats in group IV (periodontitis treatment) received "Calcium glycerophosphate" (a first-generation calcium supplement) in a dose of 133 mg/kg. Group V (combination treatment) received both the meldonium dihydrate solution and calcium glycerophosphate in the same respective doses. Tissue levels of zinc, magnesium, strontium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron were measured using atomic absorption (zinc, magnesium), atomic emission (strontium, calcium, sodium, potassium), and photometric (phosphorus, iron) methods. Results. The change in the amount of elements in the mandibular cancellous bone tissue reveals irregularity and different mechanisms over the course of the mineralization process, depending on the chosen means of correction. The findings obtained suggest that the corrective treatments (meldonium dihydrate, calcium glycerophosphate, or their combination) promoted gradual bone density improvement through the accumulation of studied elements in the rat mandible. This indicates potential reversibility of pathological changes at this experimental stage. Conclusions. The cancellous part of the mandible in rats appears to be a dynamic system, responding actively to both detrimental factors and corrective interventions by altering the content and proportions of macro- and microelements.