计算机断层扫描所用模型的制作材料和技术解决方案回顾

M. Cherkasskaya, A. Petraikin, O. Omelyanskaya, Denis V. Leonov, Yuriy A. Vasilev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在诊断检查过程中使用计算机断层扫描技术会对患者造成额外的辐射照射。因此,开发模拟组织 X 射线特性的测试物体(模型),包括对电离辐射分布进行初步评估,就变得非常重要。在无法对患者进行测试扫描的情况下,这些测试对象在质量控制和新医学成像方法的开发中发挥着重要作用。虽然市场上有一系列现成的解决方案,但在解决特定的临床和技术问题时,还缺乏具有一定特性的原型来测试科学和实用的假设。寻找快速、廉价的生产工艺材料并研究其特性,可以深入了解其在制作模型中的使用效果。这项工作的目的是搜索和分析用于制作计算机断层扫描中所用模型的材料。文章讨论了用于制作非拟人和拟人模型的材料,包括用三维打印机打印的模型。三维打印技术的发展促进了从简单的测试物体向高精度拟人化模型的过渡,拟人化模型由组织模拟材料制成,在计算机断层扫描中具有等效信号。塑料、硅酮、聚氯乙烯、树脂、液体用于与软组织相同的可视化;塑料、石膏、光聚合物、正磷酸氢钾、羟基磷灰石钙、有机玻璃--用于硬组织。商用模型由具有可重复、稳定特性的材料制成,但必须对这些材料进行重新测试,以创建特定临床任务的测试对象。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Review of materials and technological solutions for creating phantoms used in computed tomography
The use of computed tomography during diagnostic examinations makes it a source of additional radiation exposure to patients. In this regard, the development of test objects (phantoms) that simulate the X-ray properties of tissues, including for preliminary assessment of the ionizing radiation distribution, becomes relevant. These test objects play an important role in quality control and the development of new medical imaging methods in conditions where test scans of patients are not possible. Although a range of ready-made solutions is available on the market, there is a lack of prototypes with a certain set of properties to test scientific and practical hypotheses in solving specific clinical and technical problems. Finding materials for a fast and inexpensive production process and studying their properties could provide insight into the effectiveness of their use in making phantoms. The purpose of the work is to search and analyze materials for creating phantoms used in computed tomography. The article discusses materials for the production of non-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms, including those printed on a 3D printer. The development of three-dimensional printing has facilitated the transition from simple test objects to high-precision anthropomorphic phantoms made from tissue-mimicking materials that have equivalent signals on computer tomograms. Plastics, silicones, polyvinyl chloride, resins, liquids are used for visualizations identical to soft tissues; plastics, gypsum, photopolymers, potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, calcium hydroxyapatite, plexiglass — for hard tissues. Commercial phantoms are made from materials with reproducible, stable properties, but these same materials must be retested to create test objects specific to a particular clinical task.
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