{"title":"原位 XPS 分析真空环境下遭受摩擦磨损的钛合金中的三化学特性","authors":"Jianjun Long, Xuejiao Wei, Yiting Dong, Xixi Cheng, Hao Li, Xiaojun Xu, Minhao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11249-024-01842-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A systematic experimental investigation concerning the fretting-induced tribo-chemical state and its effect on the fretting wear behavior of titanium alloys under the vacuum atmospheres (4 × 10<sup>–3</sup> Pa and 4 × 10<sup>–1</sup> Pa) in different fretting regimes is reported. An in situ XPS analysis tester was developed to capture the real tribo-chemical state of worn surface for all test conditions. Results show that samples subjected to different vacuum atmospheres have varied tribo-chemical states depending on the fretting regime, which play significantly different roles in determining the associated damage mechanisms and the resulting fretting wear resistance. Under both vacuum atmospheres, in the partial slip regime (PSR) the worn scars were mainly covered by TiO<sub>2</sub>, showing comparable levels of very slight damage, while in the mixed fretting regime (MFR), the tribo-layer is still mainly consisted of TiO<sub>2</sub>, but with an evident peak of Ti metal for the high vacuum degree (4 × 10<sup>–3</sup> Pa) in MFR, showing a mild damage. In contrast, in the gross slip regime (GSR), Ti metal was prone to be oxidized to Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO on the worn scar, especially for the low vacuum degree (4 × 10<sup>–1</sup> Pa) having a highest content of Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It might be inferred that the tribo-layer containing more Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> formed during fretting wear process is susceptible to be broken, hence showing a highest fretting wear volume in GSR for the low vacuum degree. The results suggest that for the vacuum environments, the Ti6Al4V may be more suitable to be used under the high vacuum atmosphere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":806,"journal":{"name":"Tribology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"In Situ XPS Analysis of Tribo-chemical Behavior in Titanium Alloy Exposed to Fretting Wear Under the Vacuum Environments\",\"authors\":\"Jianjun Long, Xuejiao Wei, Yiting Dong, Xixi Cheng, Hao Li, Xiaojun Xu, Minhao Zhu\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11249-024-01842-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>A systematic experimental investigation concerning the fretting-induced tribo-chemical state and its effect on the fretting wear behavior of titanium alloys under the vacuum atmospheres (4 × 10<sup>–3</sup> Pa and 4 × 10<sup>–1</sup> Pa) in different fretting regimes is reported. An in situ XPS analysis tester was developed to capture the real tribo-chemical state of worn surface for all test conditions. Results show that samples subjected to different vacuum atmospheres have varied tribo-chemical states depending on the fretting regime, which play significantly different roles in determining the associated damage mechanisms and the resulting fretting wear resistance. Under both vacuum atmospheres, in the partial slip regime (PSR) the worn scars were mainly covered by TiO<sub>2</sub>, showing comparable levels of very slight damage, while in the mixed fretting regime (MFR), the tribo-layer is still mainly consisted of TiO<sub>2</sub>, but with an evident peak of Ti metal for the high vacuum degree (4 × 10<sup>–3</sup> Pa) in MFR, showing a mild damage. In contrast, in the gross slip regime (GSR), Ti metal was prone to be oxidized to Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO on the worn scar, especially for the low vacuum degree (4 × 10<sup>–1</sup> Pa) having a highest content of Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It might be inferred that the tribo-layer containing more Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> formed during fretting wear process is susceptible to be broken, hence showing a highest fretting wear volume in GSR for the low vacuum degree. The results suggest that for the vacuum environments, the Ti6Al4V may be more suitable to be used under the high vacuum atmosphere.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":806,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Tribology Letters\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Tribology Letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11249-024-01842-8\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Tribology Letters","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11249-024-01842-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
In Situ XPS Analysis of Tribo-chemical Behavior in Titanium Alloy Exposed to Fretting Wear Under the Vacuum Environments
A systematic experimental investigation concerning the fretting-induced tribo-chemical state and its effect on the fretting wear behavior of titanium alloys under the vacuum atmospheres (4 × 10–3 Pa and 4 × 10–1 Pa) in different fretting regimes is reported. An in situ XPS analysis tester was developed to capture the real tribo-chemical state of worn surface for all test conditions. Results show that samples subjected to different vacuum atmospheres have varied tribo-chemical states depending on the fretting regime, which play significantly different roles in determining the associated damage mechanisms and the resulting fretting wear resistance. Under both vacuum atmospheres, in the partial slip regime (PSR) the worn scars were mainly covered by TiO2, showing comparable levels of very slight damage, while in the mixed fretting regime (MFR), the tribo-layer is still mainly consisted of TiO2, but with an evident peak of Ti metal for the high vacuum degree (4 × 10–3 Pa) in MFR, showing a mild damage. In contrast, in the gross slip regime (GSR), Ti metal was prone to be oxidized to Ti2O3 and TiO on the worn scar, especially for the low vacuum degree (4 × 10–1 Pa) having a highest content of Ti2O3. It might be inferred that the tribo-layer containing more Ti2O3 formed during fretting wear process is susceptible to be broken, hence showing a highest fretting wear volume in GSR for the low vacuum degree. The results suggest that for the vacuum environments, the Ti6Al4V may be more suitable to be used under the high vacuum atmosphere.
期刊介绍:
Tribology Letters is devoted to the development of the science of tribology and its applications, particularly focusing on publishing high-quality papers at the forefront of tribological science and that address the fundamentals of friction, lubrication, wear, or adhesion. The journal facilitates communication and exchange of seminal ideas among thousands of practitioners who are engaged worldwide in the pursuit of tribology-based science and technology.