重建肌动蛋白皮层的益处与挑战

Brooke E Waechtler, Rajan Jayasankar, Emma P Morin, Douglas N Robinson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

细胞改变形状的能力是细胞分裂、运动、迁移和组织形成等许多细胞过程的核心特征。细胞在细胞膜下构建了一个收缩蛋白网络,形成皮层,这些成分的重组直接促成了细胞形状的改变。人们越来越希望模仿这些细胞形状变化来帮助创建合成细胞。因此,基于膜的重组实验蓬勃发展,进一步加深了我们对细胞在这些过程中使用的最小成分的了解。虽然生化方法增加了我们对肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白 II 和肌动蛋白相关蛋白的了解,但由于可以分析膜-皮层的相互作用,使用基于膜的重组系统进一步扩大了我们对肌动蛋白结构和功能的了解。在本综述中,我们将重点介绍基于膜的重组技术的最新发展。我们研究了目前关于再现不同肌动蛋白结构和功能所需的最小成分的研究结果,以及它们与皮层对细胞机械特性的影响之间的关系。我们还探讨了计算模型与湿实验室实验的协同处理如何增强我们对这些特性的理解。最后,我们强调了基于膜的重组实验所固有的优势和挑战,从精确控制系统的优势到将这些发现整合到复杂的细胞环境中的困难。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Benefits and challenges of reconstituting the actin cortex.

The cell's ability to change shape is a central feature in many cellular processes, including cytokinesis, motility, migration, and tissue formation. The cell constructs a network of contractile proteins underneath the cell membrane to form the cortex, and the reorganization of these components directly contributes to cellular shape changes. The desire to mimic these cell shape changes to aid in the creation of a synthetic cell has been increasing. Therefore, membrane-based reconstitution experiments have flourished, furthering our understanding of the minimal components the cell uses throughout these processes. Although biochemical approaches increased our understanding of actin, myosin II, and actin-associated proteins, using membrane-based reconstituted systems has further expanded our understanding of actin structures and functions because membrane-cortex interactions can be analyzed. In this review, we highlight the recent developments in membrane-based reconstitution techniques. We examine the current findings on the minimal components needed to recapitulate distinct actin structures and functions and how they relate to the cortex's impact on cellular mechanical properties. We also explore how co-processing of computational models with wet-lab experiments enhances our understanding of these properties. Finally, we emphasize the benefits and challenges inherent to membrane-based, reconstitution assays, ranging from the advantage of precise control over the system to the difficulty of integrating these findings into the complex cellular environment.

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