Laparoscopic tubal ligature in pumas (Puma concolor): A technique allied with conservation

The increasing presence of pumas (Puma concolor) in ex situ environments poses challenges in managing individual accommodations, necessitating contraceptive practices to allow more individuals to cohabit in the same enclosure. The current pioneering study aimed to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic tubal ligature (LTL) as a contraceptive alternative to vasectomy in pumas. It sought to contribute to ex situ conservation strategies by enabling the cohabitation of couples without reproduction. With appropriate management authorizations and ethical evaluation, the LTL technique was applied to three adult females, followed by ovarian hormonal stimulation and laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU). The findings affirmed the efficacy and safety of LTL, which proved to be a robust contraceptive method without postoperative complications and effective in preventing gestation after multiple matings attempts. Notably, the ovarian function was preserved, allowing for successful oocyte collection via LOPU. This approach offers a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical ligature, aligning more closely with ethical standards for animal conservation by allowing for the minimally invasive acquisition of female gametes and embodying the One Conservation concept, which advocates a holistic approach to reproductive conservation.