Development of an Auraptene-Loaded Transdermal Formulation Using Non-ionic Sugar Ester Surfactants.

Auraptene (Aur) is a naturally occurring monoterpene coumarin ether that exhibits numerous therapeutic properties. Its high lipophilicity and low skin penetration, however, limit its potential application for local and transdermal delivery. Biocompatible non-ionic sugar esters (SEs) possess beneficial properties for the development of transdermal formulations in delivering pharmaceutically challenging molecules such as graphene and Aur. In the present study, we conducted a series of experiments to demonstrate the effect of several previously unstudied SEs on the skin permeation and distribution of Aur by preparing gel- and dispersion-type formulations. Skin permeation and deposition experiments were conducted using a Franz diffusion cell with rat skin as the membrane. The dispersion-type formulations prepared using SEs had higher entrapment efficiency, as well as better skin permeation and retention profiles. The dispersion-type formulation containing sucrose palmitate (sSP) exhibited the highest skin permeation over 8 h. Notably, the enhancement effects on Aur concentration in full-thickness skin after the application of the dispersion-type formulation was higher than those of the control formulation. These results indicated that the prepared formulation has potential for use in the transdermal delivery of Aur in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.