Geochemical assessment of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in the midcontinent rift

This study examines the potential of Midcontinent Rift rocks to facilitate long-term CO₂ sequestration by providing the necessary Ca and Mg for carbonate mineralization. Surface samples were collected from the Oronto and Bayfield-Jacobsville Groups around Lake Superior and used for petrography and X-ray diffraction to determine their mineral composition. Also, X-ray fluorescence was also used to assess their bulk chemical composition. The samples were then exposed to CO₂ and deionized water in Teflon-lined vessels at 90°C, and the resulting leachate fluids were analyzed for the cation released during the testing. SEM microscopy was used to examine the samples for potential mineralization of carbonate minerals. The Oronto Group sediments consist primarily of feldspathic to feldspathic lithic arenites with a chlorite-dominated matrix, and the primary porosity is blocked by calcite and hematite cement. The Bayfield–Jacobsville sequences are porous quartz arenites to feldspathic quartz arenites that do not contain significant accumulation of Ca-, Mg-, and Fe-bearing minerals. The leachate fluids obtained from Oronto Group samples exhibit a maximum Ca release rate (5.2 × 10⁻⁴ mole/cm².day), indicating rapid calcite cement dissolution and increased porosity and permeability. SEM/EDS microanalysis revealed areas where pore-filling calcite was preferentially dissolved. Longer-term rock-water reactions resulted in induced carbonate mineralization, as evidenced by calcite crystals observed in a sample reacted for 102 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.