露天采矿对俄罗斯远东河流沉积物迁移的影响

IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究探讨了俄罗斯远东地区河流中受露天采矿影响的沉积物迁移模式--主要是金矿,很少是银矿,少数是铂金和钻石矿。长期监测和遥感数据用于确定采矿地貌的位置,并检测沉积物浓度和源自采矿点的羽流。目前的研究表明,阿穆尔河、科雷马河和勒拿河流域是全球采矿热点地区,与采矿有关的植被损失占总损失的 1.1%-3.8%。在这里,有 2.01 万公里的河谷(占河网长度的 0.48%)目前受到采矿的干扰,在科雷马河上游和泽雅河支流流域,受干扰河谷的最大密度可达 200-300 米/公里。为了探索采矿对沉积物负荷的潜在影响,这些数据与长期沉积物趋势相关联。从 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代至今,在远东毗连地区评估的 40 个溪流测量站点中,40% 以上站点的年均、月均和日均悬浮泥沙浓度和排放量都有所下降。在与采矿相关的土地扰动最严重的地点群中,有 20% 的地点普遍存在沉积物增加的趋势。多达 30% 的地点在 20 世纪 80 年代末之前沉积物负荷增长,随后由于近期采矿活动的放弃而下降。目前的研究强调了与采矿有关的植被损失与沉积物释放到河流网络之间的非线性关系,其原因是采矿区内产生沉积物的不同来源和沉积物迁移的其他驱动因素相互作用,可能会削弱或加强采矿影响的信号。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Impact of open-cast placer mining on sediment transport across Far Eastern rivers of Russia

This study examines patterns of sediment transport in Far Eastern rivers of Russia affected by open-cast placer mining—mostly for gold, rarely for silver, and in a few cases for platinum and diamonds. Long-term monitoring and remote-sensing data are used to determine the location of mining landscapes and to detect sediment concentrations and plumes originating from the mining sites. The current study suggests that catchments of the Amur, Kolyma, and Lena rivers are global mining hot spots accommodating up to 1.1%–3.8% of total mining-related vegetation losses. Here, ∼20,100 km of river valleys (0.48% of the river network length) are currently disturbed by mining, with the maximum density of disturbed river valleys being up to 200–300 m/km2 in the basins of the tributaries of the Upper Kolyma and Zeya rivers. To explore the potential mining impact on sediment load, these data were linked with the long-term sediment trends. Concentrations and discharges of mean annual, monthly, and daily suspended sediment decreased from the 1970s and 1980s to the present day at more than 40% of the 40 stream gauge sites assessed across the contiguous Far East. Increasing sediment trends were widespread across 20% of the sites localized in the cluster of greatest mining-related land disturbances. Up to 30% of the sites are characterized by sediment load growth up to the end of the 1980s and a subsequent decline due to the recent abandonment of mining activities. The current study highlights the non-linear relations between mining-related vegetation losses and sediment release into the river network, which is explained by diverse sources of sediment generation within mining areas and other drivers of sediment transport that interact and may attenuate or intensify the signal of mining impact.

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来源期刊
International Journal of Sediment Research
International Journal of Sediment Research 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
88
审稿时长
74 days
期刊介绍: International Journal of Sediment Research, the Official Journal of The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research, publishes scientific and technical papers on all aspects of erosion and sedimentation interpreted in its widest sense. The subject matter is to include not only the mechanics of sediment transport and fluvial processes, but also what is related to geography, geomorphology, soil erosion, watershed management, sedimentology, environmental and ecological impacts of sedimentation, social and economical effects of sedimentation and its assessment, etc. Special attention is paid to engineering problems related to sedimentation and erosion.
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