Observation of Ice Pellets and its Association with Meteorological Conditions in the Yeongdong Region of Korea

The microphysical properties of ice pellets (IP) are analyzed, and associated relevant thermodynamic conditions are investigated using rawinsonde soundings and model reanalysis data in the Yeongdong region of Korea. During the intensive observation campaign of snowfall, two distinctive IP events of 1 March 2021 (IP1) and 15 March 2018 (IP2) were observed when strong cold advection was prevalent below about 2 km as accompanied by distinctive inversion strength (4.7 ~ 9.3 ℃) above the cold layers. Cold air intrusion along the eastern side of Taebaek mountains appeared to abruptly decrease low level (850 hPa) temperature up to -4.7 ~ -3.4 ℃, but warmer than 8-year average (-9.5 ℃), respectively. Both episodes had smaller maximum size (1.8 mm in average) of ice pellets with greater fallspeed (4.2 m s⁻¹) in comparison to general snow crystals. Ice pellets occurred in the synoptic condition of the High in the north and the Low passing by the south, which resulted in cold northeasterly over the Yeongdong region. Rawinsonde soundings show a melting layer between 800 and 700 hPa just above the freezing layer of 900 ~ 800 hPa existed, such as a reversed S temperature profile, which is also consistent with the model reanalysis. The IPs’ life time was short within a couple of hours since it occurred along with low-level strong cold advection (IP1) or rapidly-moving squall line (IP2).