Aaron Sciascia, Michael Smith, Joseph Holstedt, Logan Mattingly, W Ben Kibler
{"title":"利用前臂前屈技术测量棒球运动员的盂兰盆外旋。","authors":"Aaron Sciascia, Michael Smith, Joseph Holstedt, Logan Mattingly, W Ben Kibler","doi":"10.1177/19417381241235225","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alterations in glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR), glenohumeral external rotation (GER), and total range of motion (TROM) have been linked with increased injury risk. GER capacity has been measured routinely with the forearm in neutral rotation (GERN), but a recent study reported GERN was greater than GER with the forearm in pronation (GERP) in Minor League pitchers. This work has not yet been replicated or extended to other groups.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>GERP would be significantly less than GERN in Independent League baseball pitchers, and there would be no difference in GERP or GERN measurements between this new group and the previous group of Minor League pitchers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Goniometric measurements were recorded for bilateral GIR, GERN, and GERP, and resulting TROM for 37 Independent League baseball pitchers. These data were compared with the previous study. All motions were compared individually between groups, between throwing and nonthrowing arm, and both within and between techniques (forearm neutral or pronated).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GERP was significantly less than GERN for both arms within each group tested (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Independent League pitchers had greater between arm differences for GIR (-16.9° vs -6.9°), GERN (+15.1° vs -0.6°), and GERP (+13.1° vs -5.9°) compared with Minor League pitchers. TROM for the Independent League pitchers was not statistically different for either measurement technique, while TROM for the throwing arm of the Minor League pitchers was statistically reduced with varying effect sizes (<i>d</i> = 0.35-0.99) compared with the nonthrowing arm (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed earlier findings that the pronated forearm resulted in decreased GER capacity, illustrating the adaptive response to throwing and the need to evaluate for this variable.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>GERP should be evaluated in all groups of pitchers, but there may be variations within tested groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"438-444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569549/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Utilizing the Pronated Forearm Technique for Measuring Glenohumeral External Rotation in Baseball Players.\",\"authors\":\"Aaron Sciascia, Michael Smith, Joseph Holstedt, Logan Mattingly, W Ben Kibler\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/19417381241235225\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alterations in glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR), glenohumeral external rotation (GER), and total range of motion (TROM) have been linked with increased injury risk. GER capacity has been measured routinely with the forearm in neutral rotation (GERN), but a recent study reported GERN was greater than GER with the forearm in pronation (GERP) in Minor League pitchers. This work has not yet been replicated or extended to other groups.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>GERP would be significantly less than GERN in Independent League baseball pitchers, and there would be no difference in GERP or GERN measurements between this new group and the previous group of Minor League pitchers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Goniometric measurements were recorded for bilateral GIR, GERN, and GERP, and resulting TROM for 37 Independent League baseball pitchers. These data were compared with the previous study. All motions were compared individually between groups, between throwing and nonthrowing arm, and both within and between techniques (forearm neutral or pronated).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GERP was significantly less than GERN for both arms within each group tested (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Independent League pitchers had greater between arm differences for GIR (-16.9° vs -6.9°), GERN (+15.1° vs -0.6°), and GERP (+13.1° vs -5.9°) compared with Minor League pitchers. TROM for the Independent League pitchers was not statistically different for either measurement technique, while TROM for the throwing arm of the Minor League pitchers was statistically reduced with varying effect sizes (<i>d</i> = 0.35-0.99) compared with the nonthrowing arm (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed earlier findings that the pronated forearm resulted in decreased GER capacity, illustrating the adaptive response to throwing and the need to evaluate for this variable.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>GERP should be evaluated in all groups of pitchers, but there may be variations within tested groups.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54276,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"438-444\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569549/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381241235225\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/3/18 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381241235225","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/3/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：盂肱内旋（GIR）、盂肱外旋（GER）和总活动范围（TROM）的变化与受伤风险的增加有关。常规的盂肱外旋能力测量是在前臂处于中立旋转（GERN）状态下进行的，但最近的一项研究报告称，在小联盟投手中，盂肱外旋能力大于前臂处于前旋（GERP）状态下的盂肱外旋能力。这项工作尚未在其他群体中得到复制或推广：研究设计：横断面研究：研究设计：横断面研究：证据等级：3级：对 37 名独立联盟棒球投手的双侧 GIR、GERN 和 GERP 以及由此产生的 TROM 进行了动态关节角度测量记录。这些数据与之前的研究进行了比较。所有运动都在组间、投掷臂和非投掷臂之间以及技术内部和技术之间（前臂中立或前屈）进行了单独比较：结果：在每个测试组中，两臂的 GERP 都明显小于 GERN（P < 0.01）。与小联盟投手相比，独立联盟投手的 GIR（-16.9° vs -6.9°）、GERN（+15.1° vs -0.6°）和 GERP（+13.1° vs -5.9°）的臂间差异更大。独立联盟投手的TROM在两种测量技术中均无统计学差异，而与非投掷臂相比，小联盟投手投掷臂的TROM在统计学上有所减少，影响大小不等（d = 0.35-0.99）（P < 0.01）：这项研究证实了之前的发现，即前臂前伸导致胃食管反流能力下降，这说明了投掷的适应性反应以及对这一变量进行评估的必要性：临床相关性：应评估所有投手群体的胃食管反流能力，但在受测群体中可能存在差异。
Utilizing the Pronated Forearm Technique for Measuring Glenohumeral External Rotation in Baseball Players.
Background: Alterations in glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR), glenohumeral external rotation (GER), and total range of motion (TROM) have been linked with increased injury risk. GER capacity has been measured routinely with the forearm in neutral rotation (GERN), but a recent study reported GERN was greater than GER with the forearm in pronation (GERP) in Minor League pitchers. This work has not yet been replicated or extended to other groups.
Hypothesis: GERP would be significantly less than GERN in Independent League baseball pitchers, and there would be no difference in GERP or GERN measurements between this new group and the previous group of Minor League pitchers.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Level of evidence: Level 3.
Methods: Goniometric measurements were recorded for bilateral GIR, GERN, and GERP, and resulting TROM for 37 Independent League baseball pitchers. These data were compared with the previous study. All motions were compared individually between groups, between throwing and nonthrowing arm, and both within and between techniques (forearm neutral or pronated).
Results: GERP was significantly less than GERN for both arms within each group tested (P < 0.01). Independent League pitchers had greater between arm differences for GIR (-16.9° vs -6.9°), GERN (+15.1° vs -0.6°), and GERP (+13.1° vs -5.9°) compared with Minor League pitchers. TROM for the Independent League pitchers was not statistically different for either measurement technique, while TROM for the throwing arm of the Minor League pitchers was statistically reduced with varying effect sizes (d = 0.35-0.99) compared with the nonthrowing arm (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: This study confirmed earlier findings that the pronated forearm resulted in decreased GER capacity, illustrating the adaptive response to throwing and the need to evaluate for this variable.
Clinical relevance: GERP should be evaluated in all groups of pitchers, but there may be variations within tested groups.
期刊介绍：
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an indispensable resource for all medical professionals involved in the training and care of the competitive or recreational athlete, including primary care physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, athletic trainers and other medical and health care professionals.
Published bimonthly, Sports Health is a collaborative publication from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), and the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS).
The journal publishes review articles, original research articles, case studies, images, short updates, legal briefs, editorials, and letters to the editor.
Topics include:
-Sports Injury and Treatment
-Care of the Athlete
-Athlete Rehabilitation
-Medical Issues in the Athlete
-Surgical Techniques in Sports Medicine
-Case Studies in Sports Medicine
-Images in Sports Medicine
-Legal Issues
-Pediatric Athletes
-General Sports Trauma
-Sports Psychology
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