What is the relationship between body image and the quality of life of women who underwent surgery for breast cancer? A scoping review.

Purpose: This review aimed to identify, characterize, map, and summarize existing knowledge about the relationship of perceived body image with the quality of life (QoL) of women who have undergone surgical treatment for breast cancer.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched, and articles published until August 2022 were included.

Results: The search resulted in 796 records, and 51 articles were included for analysis. A significant negative impact on body image perception and QoL after surgical treatment for breast cancer was found in the majority of studies. Sociodemographic variables such as age, education, socioeconomic status, unstable attachment styles and time after the surgery may have an effect on a worsening of the overall body image and QoL score of women. It was found that there was greater dissatisfaction with body image in women who underwent mastectomy compared to those who underwent conservative surgery.

Conclusion: Evidence has shown that breast cancer surgery affects the perceived body image and QoL of patients worldwide. Age, education, socioeconomic status, and the type of surgery are potential factors influencing these outcomes. It is worth noting that the review encompassed articles from various countries, reflecting a significant cultural diversity among the studied populations. However, most of these articles did not delve into an analysis of these cultural disparities. This review also indicated insufficient details regarding the assessment instruments used to assess perceived body image.