Genomic survey and expression analysis of cellulose synthase superfamily and COBRA-like gene family in Zanthoxylum bungeanum stipule thorns

Abstract

The Cellulose Synthase gene (CS) superfamily and COBRA-like (COBL) gene family are essential for synthesizing cellulose and hemicellulose, which play a crucial role in cell wall biosynthesis and the hardening of plant tissues. Our study identified 126 ZbCS and 31 ZbCOBL genes from the Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Zb) genome. Phylogenetic analysis and conservative domain analysis unfolded that ZbCS and ZbCOBL genes were divided into seven and two subfamilies, respectively. Gene duplication data suggested that more than 75% of these genes had tandem and fragment duplications. Codon usage patterns analysis indicated that the ZbCS and ZbCOBL genes prefer ending with A/T base, with weak codon preference. Furthermore, seven key ZbCS and five key ZbCOBL genes were identified based on the content of cellulose and hemicellulose and the expression characteristics of ZbCS and ZbCOBL genes in various stages of stipule thorns. Altogether, these results improve the understanding of CS and COBL genes and provide valuable reference data for cultivating Zb with soft thorns.