Does climate change lead to potash deposits? A perspective of Lop Nur Salt Lake, China

Potash, also known as potassium (K), is a crucial component of the agricultural sector and serve as “the food of food”. Historically, the formation of potash deposits has been attributed to the “tectonic-climatic” theory, in which the role of prolonged arid climate is still debating. Consider the minerogenetic time scale, paleoclimatic events may have played an undeniable role in the formation of potash. However, few studies have been conducted on this topic, which may impede theoretical development. The Lop Nur playa of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, is a typical hinterland salt lake that formed during the combined effect of the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate and the Quaternary climatic background. As a potash metallogenetic area, Lop Nur is the best place to study how paleoclimatic events affect salt mineralization. In this study, we summarize the development of paleoclimate records and multiple ages from Quaternary sediments and analyze the mineralization theory of the Lop Nur salt lake. The comprehensive chronicle framework employed in paleoenvironmental reconstruction has unveiled the fluctuating aridity and the subsequent process of playa formation. By integrating mineralization mechanisms, ranging from the “mountain-basin transfer” theory to the “tectonic-climatic-source coupled” theory, we systematically reviewed the potential impacts of paleoclimatic events as both impetuses and limitations in the formation of potash deposits in Lop Nur. From a more prospective aspect of this review, the paleoclimatic events for potash mineralization are examined in relation to the worldwide distribution of salt lakes. This examination takes into account the lacustrine paleo-proxies and potash types, which indicate similar paleoclimatic influences on the mineralization process, albeit with varying origins. In the future, a more comprehensive understanding of potassium salt resources can be achieved through a thorough comparison of reconstructed paleoenvironments and high-resolution regional mineralization modeling results.