儿童、成人和老年人的牙外伤:隐藏在众目睽睽之下的家庭暴力--身体虐待。

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Hamdi Cem Güngör
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引用次数: 0

摘要

世界卫生组织(WHO)在其 2002 年的报告中指出,世界范围内故意伤害的发生率急剧上升,影响到各个年龄段的男女老少,尤其是儿童、妇女和老年人。该报告还指出,尽管做了大量工作,但大多数身体虐待(如 90% 的儿童案件)仍未引起人们的注意。因此,提高认识和降低其发生率是全球性的挑战。儿童身体虐待是一个重要且持续存在的问题。联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)汇编和公布的最大规模数据表明,全世界每 10 个 2 至 14 岁的儿童中就有 6 个(近 10 亿)经常受到其照顾者的体罚。必须特别关注残疾儿童,因为记录显示,他们受到虐待的可能性是健全儿童的三倍。世卫组织在《全球预防暴力现状报告》(2014年)中指出,四分之一的成年人报告曾在孩童时期遭受过身体虐待;三分之一的妇女在一生中的某个阶段曾遭受过亲密伴侣的身体暴力或性暴力;十七分之一的老年人报告曾在过去一个月中遭受过虐待。研究表明,几乎50%的身体虐待都与头部和口面部的伤害有关。2 牙科创伤与人际暴力,即虐待儿童、青少年暴力、亲密伴侣暴力和虐待老人之间的关系早已被牙科界所认识。因此,《牙科创伤学》试图通过增加这方面的系统回顾、研究和病例系列来增加牙科知识库。我很高兴各学科的研究人员积极响应这一号召,为《牙科创伤学》这一特刊做出了贡献,其中包括关于口面部和牙科创伤及其牙医识别的报告1,2;身体虐待儿童的伤害3;成人身体虐待的口面部和面部表现4-7;性虐待8;儿童牙科创伤的医学法律问题9以及代理孟乔森综合症10。最后,我想对荣誉编辑 Paul V. Abbott 教授表示感谢,是他的支持使我的想法得到了考虑。我还要特别感谢主编 Liran Levin 教授,是他在这个项目中提供了极好的指导。最后,我非常感谢伟大的 Wiley 编辑团队成员 Zora Ma、Charulatha Nagarajan、Shivi Sharma、Mie Bak 和 Hannah Watson,感谢他们在整个投稿、审稿和出版过程中的辛勤工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Traumatic dental injuries in child, adult and elderly: Domestic violence—physical abuse hidden in plain sight

In its 2002 report, the World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated the dramatic worldwide increase in the incidence of intentional injuries affecting people of all ages and both sexes, but especially children, women, and elderly. The report also suggested that most physical abuse (e.g., 90% of the cases in children) went unnoticed despite extensive efforts. Hence, raising awareness and reducing its prevalence are global challenges.

Any kind of non-accidental injury inflicted in an individual is defined as physical abuse. Child physical abuse is an important and constant problem. The largest data compiled and published by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) suggested that around 6 in 10 children between the ages of 2 and 14 worldwide (almost a billion) are subjected to physical punishment by their caregivers on a regular basis. Particular attention must be directed to children with disabilities, as the records indicate they are three times more likely to be abused than their able-bodied counterparts.

In the Global Status Report on Violence Prevention by the WHO (2014), it was stated that a quarter of all adults report having been physically abused as children; one in three women had been a victim of physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner at some point in their lifetime; and one in seventeen older adults reported abuse in the past month.

Whether the violence occurs in the family, school, institution, or workplace, dental professionals can be one of the front-line responders. Dental professionals are in a unique position for not only to treat but also to diagnose and report cases of dental trauma resulting from physical abuse.1 Valuable information and assistance can be provided to physicians about oral and dental aspects of physical abuse, especially in vulnerable population groups.

Studies show that almost 50% of all physical abuse is related to injuries in the head and orofacial region.2 The relationships between traumatic dental injuries and interpersonal violence, namely child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence, and elder abuse have long been recognized by the dental community. Hence, Dental Traumatology has sought to increase the dental knowledge base by adding systematic reviews, research, and case series in this regard. I am pleased that the researchers from various disciplines have responded positively to the call and contributed to this special issue of Dental Traumatology which now includes reports on orofacial and dental trauma and its recognition by the dentist1, 2; injuries in physically abused children3; oro-dental and facial manifestations of physical abuse in adults4-7; sexual abuse8; medicolegal aspects of dental trauma in children,9 and the Munchausen syndrome by proxy.10

I would like to end here by expressing my gratitude to Editor Emeritus Prof. Paul V. Abbott whose support brought the idea up to the level of consideration. My special thanks goes to the Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Liran Levin, who helped on the project with superb guidance. Finally, I cannot thank and appreciate enough the members of the great Wiley Editorial Team, Zora Ma, Charulatha Nagarajan, Shivi Sharma, Mie Bak, and Hannah Watson for their diligent work throughout the submission, review, and publication processes.

It is my sincere hope that this special issue will help further serve dental trauma victims of all ages who have suffered from interpersonal violence.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
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