金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的蛋白类毒素在细菌间竞争中的作用。

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-02-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/femsmc/xtae006
Stephen R Garrett, Tracy Palmer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

金黄色葡萄球菌非常适合在哺乳动物宿主体内定植。人类的主要定植部位是鼻腔上皮。定植的一个主要障碍是常驻微生物群,它们有排斥金黄色葡萄球菌的机制。因此,金黄色葡萄球菌进化出了与其他细菌竞争的机制,其中之一就是分泌蛋白类毒素。金黄色葡萄球菌菌株共同产生了许多特征明确的 I 类、II 类和 IV 类细菌素,以及几种细菌素样物质,但人们对它们的了解较少。这些细菌素对几种革兰氏阳性菌具有很强的抗菌活性,其中一些对革兰氏阴性菌也有活性。迄今为止,金黄色葡萄球菌细菌素的特征是零星产生,通常由质粒编码。最近,金黄色葡萄球菌的 VII 型分泌系统(T7SS)也被证明在细菌间竞争中发挥作用。所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离物都编码 T7SS,因此它可能是该物种使用的一种更为普遍的竞争机制。T7SS 的拮抗作用是通过分泌大分子蛋白质毒素来实现的,目前已鉴定出其中三种毒素:核酸酶毒素 EsaD、膜去极化毒素 TspA 和磷脂酶毒素 TslA。这些不同类型的分泌毒素在细菌间竞争和宿主定殖过程中的作用还需要进一步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of proteinaceous toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus in interbacterial competition.

Staphylococcus aureus is highly adapted to colonization of the mammalian host. In humans the primary site of colonization is the epithelium of the nasal cavity. A major barrier to colonization is the resident microbiota, which have mechanisms to exclude S. aureus. As such, S. aureus has evolved mechanisms to compete with other bacteria, one of which is through secretion of proteinaceous toxins. S. aureus strains collectively produce a number of well-characterized Class I, II, and IV bacteriocins as well as several bacteriocin-like substances, about which less is known. These bacteriocins have potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive organisms, with some also active against Gram-negative species. S. aureus bacteriocins characterized to date are sporadically produced, and often encoded on plasmids. More recently the type VII secretion system (T7SS) of S. aureus has also been shown to play a role in interbacterial competition. The T7SS is encoded by all S. aureus isolates and so may represent a more widespread mechanism of competition used by this species. T7SS antagonism is mediated by the secretion of large protein toxins, three of which have been characterized to date: a nuclease toxin, EsaD; a membrane depolarizing toxin, TspA; and a phospholipase toxin, TslA. Further study is required to decipher the role that these different types of secreted toxins play in interbacterial competition and colonization of the host.

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