天花地理:澳大利亚北部沿海地区的疫苗接种、边界和土著居民。

IF 0.9 2区 哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Medical History Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI:10.1017/mdh.2023.39
Chi Chi Huang, Alison Bashford
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引用次数: 0

摘要

澳大利亚在生物安全和边界问题上一直是双管齐下--首先是检疫,其次是接种疫苗。本文通过探讨 20 世纪初针对土著居民的两次被忽视的天花疫苗接种活动,探讨了这一组合在实践中的表现。我们认为,这两次疫苗接种活动非常重要,因为它们是针对原住民的头两次先发制人的疫苗接种计划,而不是反动的疫苗接种计划。其次,这两次事件都发生在澳大利亚的北部海岸线,那里多孔的海洋地理环境和毗邻东南亚的地理位置成为澳大利亚卫生官员的薄弱环节。虽然天花从未在澳大利亚流行过(尽管是流行病),但在东南亚各地的不同时间和地点却流行过。由于现有的多民族关系、社区和经济,天花在北部海岸线的这种不断变化的阴影对州和联邦卫生官员来说变得更加尖锐。通过为这一天花地区的原住民接种疫苗,他们被设想并嵌入到保护澳大利亚白人的 "卫生 "边界中,将双管齐下作为一种方法。在这篇文章中,我们将公共卫生纳入近期的一项学术研究中,该研究 "颠倒了地图",重新规划了澳大利亚北部的历史和地理及其与全球的联系,同时展示了如何通过卫生视角将特定的海岸线及其联系纳入国家想象之中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Smallpox Geographies: vaccination, borders and Indigenous peoples in Australia's coastal north.

Australia's approach to its biosecurity and borders has always been two-pronged - quarantine first, vaccination second. This article asks what this combination looked like in practice by exploring two neglected smallpox vaccination campaigns directed towards Indigenous peoples in the early twentieth century. We argue these were important campaigns because they were the first two pre-emptive, rather than reactionary, vaccination programs directed towards First Nations people. Second, both episodes occurred in Australia's northern coastline, where the porous maritime geography and proximity to Southeast Asia posed a point of vulnerability for Australian health officials. While smallpox was never endemic, (though epidemic), in Australia, it was endemic at various times and places across Southeast Asia. This shifting spectre of smallpox along the northern coastline was made even more acute for state and federal health officials because of the existing polyethnic relationships, communities, and economies. By vaccinating Indigenous peoples in this smallpox geography, they were envisioned and embedded into a 'hygienic' border for the protection of white Australia, entwining the two-prongs as one approach. In this article, we place public health into a recent scholarship that has 'turned the map upside down' to re-spatialise Australia's history and geography to the north and its global connections, while demonstrating how particular coastlines and their connections were drawn into a national imaginary through a health lens.

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来源期刊
Medical History
Medical History 医学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Medical History is a refereed journal devoted to all aspects of the history of medicine and health, with the goal of broadening and deepening the understanding of the field, in the widest sense, by historical studies of the highest quality. It is also the journal of the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health. The membership of the Editorial Board, which includes senior members of the EAHMH, reflects the commitment to the finest international standards in refereeing of submitted papers and the reviewing of books. The journal publishes in English, but welcomes submissions from scholars for whom English is not a first language; language and copy-editing assistance will be provided wherever possible.
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