早期发育对野生大山雀(Parus major)探索行为和 DNA 甲基化的影响

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Bernice Sepers, Koen J. F. Verhoeven, Kees van Oers
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引用次数: 0

摘要

众所周知,在发育过程中经历的产后不利条件会对形态、行为、繁殖和存活产生持续影响。尽管早期发育应激对成年后表型的形成非常重要,但早期环境条件释放后,诱导和维持这种表型效应的分子机制是什么,目前还不得而知。在此,我们旨在研究持久的早期发育表型变化是否与发育后的 DNA 甲基化变化有关。我们在大山雀(Parus major)雏鸟中使用了交叉寄养和育雏规模实验,这诱导了雏鸟哺育后对生物计量指标和探索行为(一种有效的个性特征)的影响。我们研究了这些雏鸟哺育后的影响是否与红细胞 DNA 中 CpG 位点的 DNA 甲基化水平有关。在扩大育雏群中长大的个体在达到独立后赶上了发育延迟,并且随着羽化天数的增加变得更具探索性,而在缩小育雏群中长大的个体的探索性得分保持稳定。尽管我们之前发现育雏规模的扩大几乎不会影响雏鸟羽化前的甲基化水平,但我们发现有 420 个 CpG 位点在小规模育雏和大规模育雏的羽化个体之间存在甲基化差异。相当多受影响的 CpG 位点位于或靠近涉及新陈代谢、生长、行为和认知的基因。由于这些基因的生物功能与观察到的育雏规模对雏鸟雏后表型的影响一致,我们的研究结果表明,一旦环境条件允许,DNA甲基化为生物提供了调节自身状况的机会。总之,这项研究表明,在早期发育过程中,育雏规模增大所带来的营养压力与生命后期的DNA甲基化变异有关。我们认为,与处理相关的DNA甲基化差异可能与羽化前或羽化后的表型变化有关,而不是在早期发育过程中由环境直接诱发的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Early developmental carry-over effects on exploratory behaviour and DNA methylation in wild great tits (Parus major)

Early developmental carry-over effects on exploratory behaviour and DNA methylation in wild great tits (Parus major)

Adverse, postnatal conditions experienced during development are known to induce lingering effects on morphology, behaviour, reproduction and survival. Despite the importance of early developmental stress for shaping the adult phenotype, it is largely unknown which molecular mechanisms allow for the induction and maintenance of such phenotypic effects once the early environmental conditions are released. Here we aimed to investigate whether lasting early developmental phenotypic changes are associated with post-developmental DNA methylation changes. We used a cross-foster and brood size experiment in great tit (Parus major) nestlings, which induced post-fledging effects on biometric measures and exploratory behaviour, a validated personality trait. We investigated whether these post-fledging effects are associated with DNA methylation levels of CpG sites in erythrocyte DNA. Individuals raised in enlarged broods caught up on their developmental delay after reaching independence and became more explorative as days since fledging passed, while the exploratory scores of individuals that were raised in reduced broods remained stable. Although we previously found that brood enlargement hardly affected the pre-fledging methylation levels, we found 420 CpG sites that were differentially methylated between fledged individuals that were raised in small versus large sized broods. A considerable number of the affected CpG sites were located in or near genes involved in metabolism, growth, behaviour and cognition. Since the biological functions of these genes line up with the observed post-fledging phenotypic effects of brood size, our results suggest that DNA methylation provides organisms the opportunity to modulate their condition once the environmental conditions allow it. In conclusion, this study shows that nutritional stress imposed by enlarged brood size during early development associates with variation in DNA methylation later in life. We propose that treatment-associated DNA methylation differences may arise in relation to pre- or post-fledging phenotypic changes, rather than that they are directly induced by the environment during early development.

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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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