Bamboo stem derived biochar for biosorption of Cadmium (II) ions from contaminated wastewater

Cadmium in surface waters and the environment beyond the maximum allowed quantities without pre-treatment is hazardous. Bamboo stem biomass adsorption capability for Cd²⁺ remediation from heavy metal-polluted wastewater will be examined to prevent recurrence. The experiment controlled biosorbent dosage, contact length, pH, temperature, and beginning Cadmium concentration for the optimum remediation. Cd²⁺ was best removed at pH 5 with contact time was 90 min at 298 K. Adsorption observed was 4.17 mg/g at 298 K with 4.13 mg/g Cd²⁺ sorbed in 90 min. Metal ion concentration reached upto 80.98 % with q_e 2.01 mg/g while the desorption 91.3 % at 0.05 M of HCl. The kinetic study showed that it follows Lagergren psuedo-second order reaction, Langmuir, and Freundlich models. The bamboo stem biomass performed better at all cadmium concentrations, with heavy metal removal increasing with concentration. According to the results, bamboo stem biomass is effective in heavy metal removal from wastewater. SEM shows biochar has longitudinal pores and a rough surface. Biochar has significant KCl concentration due to its sharp, strong XRD peaks. These findings suggest that bamboo stem biomass is effective in removing heavy metals from wastewater.